Lees ook de literatuurlijsten voeding, niet-toxische stoffen en behandelingen, gerelateerd aan bepaalde vorm van kanker , chemo, operatie, bestraling enz.

8 januari 2024: Bron: The Lancet Published:July 13, 2021

Uit de studie GLOBOCAN 2020 blijkt dat alcohol gebruik gemiddeld de oorzaak is bij 4,1 procent van alle vormen van kanker. Uitgaande van een periode van tien jaar tussen de alcoholconsumptie en de diagnose van kanker, onderzochten ze de schattingen van de alcoholconsumptie per hoofd van de bevolking voor 2010 van het Global Information System on Alcohol and Health. De schattingen zijn gestratificeerd naar leeftijd en geslacht.

De resultaten suggereerden dat 741.300 (4,1%) van alle gevallen van kanker in 2020 te wijten waren aan alcoholgebruik, waarbij 568.700 (76,7%) van deze gevallen bij mannen voorkwamen.

De naar leeftijd gestandaardiseerde incidentie van aan alcohol toe te schrijven kanker was 13,4 per 100.000 bij mannen en 3,7 per 100.000 bij vrouwen.

De meest voorkomende soorten kanker die kunnen worden toegeschreven aan alcoholgebruik zijn slokdarmkanker (189.700 gevallen; 31,6%), leverkanker (154.700 gevallen; 17,3%) en vrouwelijke borstkanker (98.300 gevallen; 4,4%).
Zwaar drinken (gedefinieerd als >60 g/d) was verantwoordelijk voor 46,7% van de aan alcohol toe te schrijven kankers. Risicovol drinken (gedefinieerd als 20-60 g/d) was verantwoordelijk voor 29,4%.

Het volledige studieverslag is gratis in te te zien of te downloaden. Voor abstract zie verderop in dit artikel:

29 juli 2016: Bron: Addiction: DOI: 10.1111/add.13477

Alcohol blijkt voor veel vormen van kanker de belangrijkste oorzaak te zijn. Dit blijkt uit een grote meta analyse die onderzoeker Jennie Connor van de Universiteit van Otago (Nieuw-Zeeland) uitvoerde en publiceerde in het wetenschappelijke tijdschrift Addiction.

Zij analyseerde een groot aantal gerandomiseerde studies van de laatste 10 jaar waarin de relatie tussen alcoholconsumptie en kanker werd onderzocht. Uit haar onderzoek blijkt dat hoe hoger de alcoholconsumptie het risico op kanker wordt verhoogd. Hoe minder alcoholconsumptie hoe kleiner het risico op kanker. Volgens Jennie Connor maakt het niet uit welke alcoholische dranken worden gebruikt, dus ze maakt geen onderscheid tussen bv. bier, wijn of sterke drank. (lijkt me ook moeilijk om ook daarin nog onderscheid te maken in wetenschappelijk onderzoek)

Uit Connor's onderzoek komt naar voren dat er een causaal verband is (= alcohol is de oorzaak) tussen alcoholconsumptie en 7 verschillende vormen van kanker: leverkanker, vrouwelijke borstkanker, darmkanker, rectumkanker, slokdarmkanker, mond- en keelkanker, strottehoofdkanker.

En waarschijnlijk bij nog meer vormen van kanker, zoals alvleesklierkanker, prostaatkanker, en huidkanker / melanomen. zegt Jennie Connor.

Het volledige studierapport: Alcohol consumption as a cause of cancer is gratis in te zien.

Hieronder het abstract:

There is strong evidence that alcohol causes cancer at seven sites in the body and probably others. Current estimates suggest that alcohol-attributable cancers at these sites make up 5.8% of all cancer deaths world-wide. Confirmation of specific biological mechanisms by which alcohol increases the incidence of each type of cancer is not required to infer that alcohol is a cause.

Alcohol consumption as a cause of cancer

Jennie Connor^*

Version of Record online: 21 JUL 2016

DOI: 10.1111/add.13477

Abstract

Background and aims

There is increasing research evidence about the causal role of alcohol in cancer, accompanied by unclear and conflicting messages in the media. This paper aimed to clarify the strength of the evidence for alcohol as a cause of cancer, and the meaning of cause in this context.

Methods

Recent epidemiological and biological research on alcohol and cancer was reviewed and summarized, drawing upon published meta-analyses identified from the Medline database and the archives of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. More recent epidemiological studies not included in these publications were also reviewed. A brief description of the nature of causal inference in epidemiology was used to frame discussion of the strength of the evidence that alcohol causes cancer, and contrast this with the case for a protective association of alcohol with cardiovascular disease.

Results

The usual epidemiological understanding of a cause is a factor that increases the incidence of a condition in the population. In the context of a body of epidemiological evidence of an association of alcohol consumption with a disease, the inference that it is a causal association requires alternative explanations of the observed finding to be judged unlikely. Even without complete knowledge of biological mechanisms, the epidemiological evidence can support the judgement that alcohol causes cancer of the oropharynx, larynx, oesophagus, liver, colon, rectum and breast. The measured associations exhibit gradients of effect that are biologically plausible, and there is some evidence of reversibility of risk in laryngeal, pharyngeal and liver cancers when consumption ceases. The limitations of cohort studies mean that the true effects may be somewhat weaker or stronger than estimated currently, but are unlikely to be qualitatively different. The same, or similar, epidemiological studies also commonly report protection from cardiovascular disease associated with drinking but a high level of scepticism regarding these findings is now warranted.

Conclusions

There is strong evidence that alcohol causes cancer at seven sites in the body and probably others. Current estimates suggest that alcohol-attributable cancers at these sites make up 5.8% of all cancer deaths world-wide. Confirmation of specific biological mechanisms by which alcohol increases the incidence of each type of cancer is not required to infer that alcohol is a cause.

ARTICLES| VOLUME 22, ISSUE 8, P1071-1080, AUGUST 2021

Global burden of cancer in 2020 attributable to alcohol consumption: a population-based study

Open AccessPublished:July 13, 2021DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00279-5

Summary

Background

Alcohol use is causally linked to multiple cancers. We present global, regional, and national estimates of alcohol-attributable cancer burden in 2020 to inform alcohol policy and cancer control across different settings globally.

Methods

In this population-based study, population attributable fractions (PAFs) calculated using a theoretical minimum-risk exposure of lifetime abstention and 2010 alcohol consumption estimates from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (assuming a 10-year latency period between alcohol consumption and cancer diagnosis), combined with corresponding relative risk estimates from systematic literature reviews as part of the WCRF Continuous Update Project, were applied to cancer incidence data from GLOBOCAN 2020 to estimate new cancer cases attributable to alcohol. We also calculated the contribution of moderate (<20 g per day), risky (20–60 g per day), and heavy (>60 g per day) drinking to the total alcohol-attributable cancer burden, as well as the contribution by 10 g per day increment (up to a maximum of 150 g). 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were estimated using a Monte Carlo-like approach.

Findings

Globally, an estimated 741 300 (95% UI 558 500–951 200), or 4·1% (3·1–5·3), of all new cases of cancer in 2020 were attributable to alcohol consumption. Males accounted for 568 700 (76·7%; 95% UI 422 500–731 100) of total alcohol-attributable cancer cases, and cancers of the oesophagus (189 700 cases [110 900–274 600]), liver (154 700 cases [43 700–281 500]), and breast (98 300 cases [68 200–130 500]) contributed the most cases. PAFs were lowest in northern Africa (0·3% [95% UI 0·1–3·3]) and western Asia (0·7% [0·5–1·2]), and highest in eastern Asia (5·7% [3·6–7·9]) and central and eastern Europe (5·6% [4·6–6·6]). The largest burden of alcohol-attributable cancers was represented by heavy drinking (346 400 [46·7%; 95% UI 227 900–489 400] cases) and risky drinking (291 800 [39·4%; 227 700–333 100] cases), whereas moderate drinking contributed 103 100 (13·9%; 82 600–207 200) cases, and drinking up to 10 g per day contributed 41 300 (35 400–145 800) cases.

Interpretation

Our findings highlight the need for effective policy and interventions to increase awareness of cancer risks associated with alcohol use and decrease overall alcohol consumption to prevent the burden of alcohol-attributable cancers.

Funding

None.

Data sharing

All cancer incidence and population estimates are available to the public through the Global Cancer Observatory. All statistical code (ie, R code) and input files used to produce the results presented in this paper are available to the public on request to the corresponding author. All results from this study are available to the public through the dedicated Cancers Attributable to Alcohol tool in the Global Cancer Observatory.

Declaration of interests

We declare no competing interests.

Acknowledgments

The work by HR reported in this paper was undertaken during a PhD studentship at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (Lyon, France). We thank all population-based cancer registries and their staff who have contributed in sharing the cancer incidence data used to build the estimates used in this study. We also thank Melina Arnold (Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer) for providing the oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma estimates and Teresa Norat and Doris Chan (both at the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK) for earlier enquiries about the World Cancer Research Fund results. Where authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer and WHO, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this Article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy, or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer and WHO.

Editorial note: the Lancet Group takes a neutral position with respect to territorial claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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