Zie ook literatuurlijst voeding en niet toxische middelen en niet invasieve behandelingen specifiek bij borstkanker van arts-bioloog drs. Engelbert Valstar. Waaronder ook hoe bijwerkingen van radiotherapie - bestraling te verminderen

26 juli 2022: Fast forward studie

Gedwongen door coronavirus - COVID-19 blijkt dat de behandeling van borstkanker een verandering in het bestralingsschema na operatie van borstkanker heeft veroorzaakt. In de laatste 2 jaar werd met een totaal van vijf bestralingen in één week volstaan en blijkt uit de Engelse Fast Forward studie dat 5 keer radiotherapie - bestraling net zo effectief is als vijftien keer radiotherapie - bestraling. Daarbij aangetekend dat de 5 keer in 1 week een hogere intensiteit, hogere GY, hadden dan bij de 15 keer bestralen verdeeld over drie weken. 
Dit geldt niet voor alle borstkankerpatienten want mensen die een borstreconstructie hebben gehad of bij wie ook bestraling van de lymfeklieren nodig is, komen bijvoorbeeld niet in aanmerking voor een korter bestralingsschema. Maar heel veel borstkankerpatiënten dus wel. 

Dit blijkt uit de resultaten van de FAST Forward studie die in het Verenigd Koningkrijk (VK)  de afgelopen 2,5 jaar is uitgevoerd. Uit de eerste resultaten uitgevoerd bij 4100 patiënten blijkt dus dat 5x bestralen geen verschil maakt in efectiviteit in vergelijking met 15x bestralen.  

FAST-Forward is een fase III, multicenter, gerandomiseerde gecontroleerde studie die tot doel heeft een 1 week, 5 fracties schema van curatieve radiotherapie te onderzoeken dat minstens zo effectief en veilig is als het huidige Britse standaard 15 fractieregime dat wordt gebruikt na primaire chirurgie voor vroege borstkankeroperaties.

4.100 patiënten werden gerekruteerd uit locaties in het VK over een periode van 2,5 jaar. Patiënten kregen gedurende 5 of 15 dagen dagelijkse fracties van radiotherapie op de hele borst of na mastectomie borstwand/gereconstrueerde borst. Elke deelnemer werd ingedeeld in een van de volgende groepen:
Controlegroep: 40,05 Gy in 15 Fr van 2,67 GyTestgroep 1: 27,0 Gy in 5 Fr van 5,4 GyTestgroep 2: 26,0 Gy in 5 Fr van 5,2 Gy

Zie hier de resultaten: https://www.icr.ac.uk/media/docs/default-source/default-document-library/fast-forward_lay_summary_v1-0_07052020424046cb659564f3a772ff0000325351.pdf?sfvrsn=d8d52269_0

De studie is ook gepubliceerd in The Lancet. Klik op titel voor het abstract: 

Hypofractionated breast radiotherapy for 1 week versus 3 weeks (FAST-Forward): 5-year efficacy and late normal tissue effects results from a multicentre, non-inferiority, randomised, phase 3 trial

Open AccessPublished:April 28, 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30932-6

Summary

Background

We aimed to identify a five-fraction schedule of adjuvant radiotherapy (radiation therapy) delivered in 1 week that is non-inferior in terms of local cancer control and is as safe as an international standard 15-fraction regimen after primary surgery for early breast cancer. Here, we present 5-year results of the FAST-Forward trial.

Methods

FAST-Forward is a multicentre, phase 3, randomised, non-inferiority trial done at 97 hospitals (47 radiotherapy centres and 50 referring hospitals) in the UK. Patients aged at least 18 years with invasive carcinoma of the breast (pT1–3, pN0–1, M0) after breast conservation surgery or mastectomy were eligible. We randomly allocated patients to either 40 Gy in 15 fractions (over 3 weeks), 27 Gy in five fractions (over 1 week), or 26 Gy in five fractions (over 1 week) to the whole breast or chest wall. Allocation was not masked because of the nature of the intervention. The primary endpoint was ipsilateral breast tumour relapse; assuming a 2% 5-year incidence for 40 Gy, non-inferiority was predefined as ≤1·6% excess for five-fraction schedules (critical hazard ratio of 1·81). Normal tissue effects were assessed by clinicians, patients, and from photographs. This trial is registered at isrctn.com, ISRCTN19906132.

Findings

Between Nov 24, 2011, and June 19, 2014, we recruited and obtained consent from 4096 patients from 97 UK centres, of whom 1361 were assigned to the 40 Gy schedule, 1367 to the 27 Gy schedule, and 1368 to the 26 Gy schedule. At a median follow-up of 71·5 months (IQR 71·3 to 71·7), the primary endpoint event occurred in 79 patients (31 in the 40 Gy group, 27 in the 27 Gy group, and 21 in the 26 Gy group); HRs versus 40 Gy in 15 fractions were 0·86 (95% CI 0·51 to 1·44) for 27 Gy in five fractions and 0·67 (0·38 to 1·16) for 26 Gy in five fractions. 5-year incidence of ipsilateral breast tumour relapse after 40 Gy was 2·1% (1·4 to 3·1); estimated absolute differences versus 40 Gy in 15 fractions were −0·3% (−1·0 to 0·9) for 27 Gy in five fractions (probability of incorrectly accepting an inferior five-fraction schedule: p=0·0022 vs 40 Gy in 15 fractions) and −0·7% (−1·3 to 0·3) for 26 Gy in five fractions (p=0·00019 vs 40 Gy in 15 fractions). At 5 years, any moderate or marked clinician-assessed normal tissue effects in the breast or chest wall was reported for 98 of 986 (9·9%) 40 Gy patients, 155 (15·4%) of 1005 27 Gy patients, and 121 of 1020 (11·9%) 26 Gy patients. Across all clinician assessments from 1–5 years, odds ratios versus 40 Gy in 15 fractions were 1·55 (95% CI 1·32 to 1·83, p<0·0001) for 27 Gy in five fractions and 1·12 (0·94 to 1·34, p=0·20) for 26 Gy in five fractions. Patient and photographic assessments showed higher normal tissue effect risk for 27 Gy versus 40 Gy but not for 26 Gy versus 40 Gy.

Interpretation

26 Gy in five fractions over 1 week is non-inferior to the standard of 40 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks for local tumour control, and is as safe in terms of normal tissue effects up to 5 years for patients prescribed adjuvant local radiotherapy after primary surgery for early-stage breast cancer.

Funding

National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme.

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Figures

  • Figure thumbnail gr1
    Figure 1FAST-Forward trial profile
  • Figure thumbnail gr2
    Figure 2Cumulative risk of ipsilateral breast tumour relapse by fractionation schedule

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