Zie ook literatuurlijst niet-toxische middelen en behandelingen specifiek bij lymfklierkanker samengesteld door arts-bioloog drs. Engelbert Valstar.

19 november 2021: Bron: EORTC

Een vroege FDG-PET (2- deoxy-2[F-18]fluor-D-glucose positron emissie tomografie) aangepaste behandeling verbetert de ziektevrije overleving van eerder gediagnosteerde FDG-PET-positieve patiënten met stadium I/II Hodgkin lymfoom. Met op 5-jaar ziekte progressievrije overlevingspercentages van 91% versus 77%. 

De Intergroup EORTC/LYSA/FIL H10 20051-studie omvatte 1950 patiënten in de leeftijd van 15-70 jaar met niet eerder behandeld stadium I/II supradiapragmatisch, klassiek Hodgkin-lymfoom.
Deze studie werd uitgevoerd op 158 locaties in acht landen: Frankrijk, Italië, Nederland, België, Denemarken, Kroatië, Slowakije en Zwitserland.

Deze intergroepsstudie toonde aan dat patiënten met stadium I/II hodgkinlymfoom, die nog steeds FDG-PET-positief zijn (dus nog tekenen geven van kanker) na twee cycli van ABVD-chemotherapie, significant voordeel hebben in termen van progressievrije overleving van intensivering tot een BEACOPesc-chemotherapie gevolgd door radiotherapie met betrokken klieren in vergelijking met patiënten die doorgaan met standaard ABVD-chemotherapie gevolgd door radiotherapie van de betrokken lymfklieren (5-jaar ziekte progressievrije overlevingspercentages van 91% versus 77%, HR=0.42, 95%CI:0.23 tot 0.74, p=0.002, met een verschil van 13%, 95%CI :5% tot 21%).

Citaten uit een verslag van een studie van de EORTC al in 2014 gepubliceerd. Omitting Radiotherapy in Early Positron Emission Tomography–Negative Stage I/II Hodgkin Lymphoma Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Early Relapse: Clinical Results of the Preplanned Interim Analysis of the Randomized EORTC/LYSA/FIL H10 Trial

Dr. John Raemaekers van het Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum Nijmegen en het Rijnstate Ziekenhuis Arnhem, Nederland, en EORTC-hoofdstudiecoördinator namens het EORTC/LYSA/FIL Intergroup H10-team zegt: “Ook al is de prognose voor patiënten met stadium I/ II HL uitstekend als ze worden behandeld met het standaardregime van chemotherapie in combinatie met radiotherapie, de tumorcontrole kan nog steeds worden verbeterd voor specifieke subgroepen van patiënten, en late toxiciteit kan voor anderen worden verminderd."

In The Lancet is een recente studie update gepubliceerd hoe een FDG-PET (2- deoxy-2[F-18]fluor-D-glucose positron emissie tomografie gebruikt kan worden. Daaronder studieverslag van bovengenoemde studie.:

Abstract

Background: Combined-modality treatment consisting of chemotherapy and consolidation radiotherapy is standard of care for patients with early-stage unfavourable Hodgkin lymphoma. However, the use of radiotherapy can have long-term sequelae, which is of particular concern, as Hodgkin lymphoma is frequently diagnosed in young adults with a median age of approximately 30 years. In the German Hodgkin Study Group HD17 trial, we investigated whether radiotherapy can be omitted without loss of efficacy in patients who have a complete metabolic response after receiving two cycles of escalated doses of etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin, and regular doses of bleomycin, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (eBEACOPP) plus two cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine (ABVD) chemotherapy (2 + 2).

Methods: In this multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial, patients (aged 18-60 years) with newly diagnosed early-stage unfavourable Hodgkin lymphoma (all histologies) and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or less were enrolled at 224 hospitals and private practices in Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and the Netherlands. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either standard combined-modality treatment, consisting of the 2 + 2 regimen (eBEACOPP consisted of 1250 mg/m2 intravenous cyclophosphamide on day 1, 35 mg/m2 intravenous doxorubicin on day 1, 200 mg/m2 intravenous etoposide on days 1-3, 100 mg/m2 oral procarbazine on days 1-7, 40 mg/m2 oral prednisone on days 1-14, 1·4 mg/m2 intravenous vincristine on day 8 [maximum dose of 2 mg per cycle], and 10 mg/m2 intravenous bleomycin on day 8; ABVD consisted of 25 mg/m2 intravenous doxorubicin, 10 mg/m2 intravenous bleomycin, 6 mg/m2 intravenous vinblastine, and 375 mg/m2 intravenous dacarbazine, all given on days 1 and 15) followed by 30 Gy involved-field radiotherapy (standard combined-modality treatment group) or PET4-guided treatment, consisting of the 2 + 2 regimen followed by 30 Gy of involved-node radiotherapy only in patients with positive PET at the end of four cycles of chemotherapy (PET4; PET4-guided treatment group). Randomisation was done centrally and used the minimisation method and seven stratification factors (centre, age, sex, clinical symptoms, disease localisation, albumin concentration, and bulky disease), and patients and investigators were masked to treatment allocation until central review of the PET4 examination had been completed. With the final analysis presented here, the primary objective was to show non-inferiority of the PET4-guided strategy in a per-protocol analysis of the primary endpoint of progression-free survival. We defined non-inferiority as an absolute difference of 8% in the 5-year progression-free survival estimates between the two groups. Safety analyses were done in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01356680.

Findings: Between Jan 13, 2012, and March 21, 2017, we enrolled and randomly assigned 1100 patients to the standard combined-modality treatment group (n=548) or to the PET4-guided treatment group (n=552); two patients in each group were found ineligible after randomisation. At a median follow-up of 46·2 months (IQR 32·7-61·2), 5-year progression-free survival was 97·3% (95% CI 94·5-98·7) in the standard combined-modality treatment group and 95·1% (92·0-97·0) in the PET4-guided treatment group (hazard ratio 0·523 [95% CI 0·226-1·211]). The between-group difference was 2·2% (95% CI -0·9 to 5·3) and excluded the non-inferiority margin of 8%. The most common grade 3 or 4 acute haematological adverse events were leucopenia (436 [83%] of 528 patients in the standard combined-modality treatment group vs 443 [84%] of 529 patients in the PET4-guided treatment group) and thrombocytopenia (139 [26%] vs 176 [33%]), and the most frequent acute non-haematological toxic effects were infection (32 [6%] vs 40 [8%]) and nausea or vomiting (38 [7%] vs 29 [6%]). The most common acute radiotherapy-associated adverse events were dysphagia (26 [6%] in the standard combined-modality treatment group vs three [2%] in the PET4-guided treatment group) and mucositis (nine [2%] vs none). 229 serious adverse events were reported by 161 (29%) of 546 patients in the combined-modality treatment group, and 235 serious adverse events were reported by 164 (30%) of 550 patients in the PET4-guided treatment group. One suspected unexpected serious adverse reaction (infection) leading to death was reported in the PET4-guided treatment group.

Interpretation: PET4-negativity after treatment with 2 + 2 chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed early-stage unfavourable Hodgkin lymphoma allows omission of consolidation radiotherapy without a clinically relevant loss of efficacy. PET4-guided therapy could thereby reduce the proportion of patients at risk of the late effects of radiotherapy.

Funding: Deutsche Krebshilfe.


Hier de studie uit 2015 die gratis is in te zien. Klik op de titel van het abstract:

Randomized Controlled Trial
 
2014 Apr 20;32(12):1188-94.
 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.51.9298. Epub 2014 Mar 17.

Omitting radiotherapy in early positron emission tomography-negative stage I/II Hodgkin lymphoma is associated with an increased risk of early relapse: Clinical results of the preplanned interim analysis of the randomized EORTC/LYSA/FIL H10 trial

Affiliations 
Free article

Abstract

Purpose: Combined-modality treatment is standard treatment for patients with clinical stage I/II Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). We hypothesized that an early positron emission tomography (PET) scan could be used to adapt treatment. Therefore, we started the randomized EORTC/LYSA/FIL Intergroup H10 trial evaluating whether involved-node radiotherapy (IN-RT) could be omitted without compromising progression-free survival in patients attaining a negative early PET scan after two cycles of ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) as compared with standard combined-modality treatment.

Patients and methods: Patients age 15 to 70 years with untreated clinical stage I/II HL were eligible. Here we report the clinical outcome of the preplanned interim futility analysis scheduled to occur after documentation of 34 events in the early PET-negative group. Because testing for futility in this noninferiority trial corresponds to testing the hypothesis of no difference, a one-sided superiority test was conducted.

Results: The analysis included 1,137 patients. In the favorable subgroup, 85.8% had a negative early PET scan (standard arm, one event v experimental arm, nine events). In the unfavorable subgroup, 74.8% had a negative early PET scan (standard arm, seven events v experimental arm, 16 events). The independent data monitoring committee concluded it was unlikely that we would show noninferiority in the final results for the experimental arm and advised stopping random assignment for early PET-negative patients.

Conclusion: On the basis of this analysis, combined-modality treatment resulted in fewer early progressions in clinical stage I/II HL, although early outcome was excellent in both arms. The final analysis will reveal whether this finding is maintained over time.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00433433.

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