31 december 2025: bron:Cell reports medicine December 16, 2025

Uit de resultaten van verschillende onderling verifieerbare studiegroepen met totaal 443.768 volwassenen in het Verenigd Koninkrijk en de Verenigde Staten blijkt dat lichamelijke activiteit het risico op ontstekingsgerelateerde vormen van kanker vermindert en ook de kans op sterfte vermindert voor alle vormen van kanker. 

De onderzoekers hadden deze studie opgezet omdat zij eerder hadden ontdekt dat systemische ontstekingen, waarvan het niveau toeneemt met de leeftijd, dosisafhankelijk verband houdt met een hoger risico op acht ontstekingsgerelateerde vormen van kanker, te weten: longkanker, nierkanker, dikkedarmkanker, borstkanker, slokdarmkanker, buikvlieskanker, blaaskanker, baarmoederhalskanker en alvleesklierkanker.. Met als gevolg ook een groter risico op overlijden. Overigens blijkt ook uit deze studie dat lichamelijke activiteit de kans op overlijden vermindert voor alle vormen van kanker.

Deze bevindingen leggen een verband tussen training en een verminderd risico op kanker door het verminderen van ontstekingen, het terugdringen van immunosenescentie en het verbeteren van de algehele immuniteit ter preventie van kanker.

Systemische laaggradige ontstekingen worden geassocieerd met een hoger risico op ontstekingsgerelateerde vormen van kanker en kans op overlijden voor alle vormen van kanker. Zo is bv Mki67, dat bekend als een een eiwit dat proliferatie bevordert en bij vele vormen van kanker wordt gezien in immuuncellen, een potentiële biomarker voor immunosenescentie

Een citaat uit het studieverslag vertaalt in het Nederlands:

In de UKB-studiegroep toonde de Kaplan-Meier-analyse aan dat hogere low-grade inflammation scores - INFLA-scores geassocieerd waren met een hoger risico op ontstekingsgerelateerde vormen van kanker. (Figure S2). Dosis-responsrelaties, geanalyseerd met behulp van restricted cubic splines (RCS), gaven aan dat de INFLA-score geassocieerd was met een significant hoger risico op acht kankertypen, (longkanker, nierkanker, dikkedarmkanker, borstkanker, slokdarmkanker, buikvlieskanker, blaaskanker, baarmoederhalskanker en alvleesklierkanker.) op een dosisafhankelijke manier na correctie voor leeftijd, geslacht, hart- en vaatziekten, diabetes, hypertensie en body mass index (BMI). (Figure S3).

Acht kankersoorten werden geïdentificeerd als ontstekingsgerelateerd en de overige kankersoorten werden geclassificeerd als niet-ontstekingsgerelateerd. Uit de RCS bleek dat na correctie de INFLA-score dosisafhankelijk geassocieerd was met een hoger risico op alle soorten kanker en ontstekingsgerelateerde kankersoorten, in plaats van op vormen van kanker die niet met ontstekingen te maken hebben. (Figures 2A–2C).

  • Zowel voldoende als onvoldoende fysieke activiteit was significant geassocieerd met een lager risico op ontstekingsgerelateerde kankers, in plaats van ontstekings- en niet-ontstekingsgerelateerde kankersoorten, bij alle deelnemers en in elke subgroep van het UKB-cohort(Figures S5A–S5F). Deze gegevens wijzen erop dat lichamelijke activiteit het voorkomen van kanker vermindert, mogelijk door ontstekingen te verminderen.
  • Cox-regressieanalyse toonde aan dat PA significant geassocieerd was met een lager risico op kankergerelateerde sterfte na correctie voor leeftijd, geslacht, ras, alcoholgebruik, roken, werk, opleiding, BMI, diabetes, kanker, hart- en vaatziekten en hypertensie. In het UKB-cohort was voldoende PA significant geassocieerd met een lager risico op kankergerelateerde sterfte, met een gecorrigeerde hazard ratio (HR) (95% betrouwbaarheidsinterval ) van 0,66 (0,63–0,70);
  • In de NHANES-groep was voldoende fysieke activiteit (PA) na correctie significant geassocieerd met een lager risico op kankergerelateerde sterfte, met een gecorrigeerde HR (95% CI) van 0,74 (0,65–0,84) (Table 1).
  • Bovendien was lichamelijke significant geassocieerd met een lager risico op sterfte voor zowel ontstekingsgerelateerde als niet-ontstekingsgerelateerde kankersoorten in de UKB-studiegroep en met sterfte voor alle vormen van kanker in de NHANES-studiegroep(Figures S5G–S5N).
  • Hogere niveaus van lichamelijke activiteit, gemeten met de accelerometer, waren significant geassocieerd met een lager risico op het ontstaan ​​van kanker en kankergerelateerde sterfte in de UKB-groep (Figures S4E–S4J).

The UK biobank cohort

Between 2007 and 2010, the UKB collected data from over 500,000 individuals aged 37–73 years across 22 assessment sites in England, Scotland, and Wales. After excluding individuals due to a lack of follow-up data (1,297), absence of inflammation markers (45,501), or missing physical activity data (47,043), the final cohort comprised 408,529 participants (Figure S1A). This study focuses on mortality data (tracked until November 2022) and cancer incidence rates (monitored until November 2021). After excluding those with missing data of primary variables (physical activity, inflammation, and mortality), we carried out multiple imputations to maximize the retention of participants using the Random Forest algorithm within the Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE) framework to address missing covariate data (alcohol consumption, education level, smoking, and employment status) as previously described. This process was executed using the mice package in R, with the Random Forest model, conducting the imputation five times. In this study, the missing covariate variables (alcohol consumption, education level, smoking, and employment status) served only as adjustment factors in the Cox proportional hazard regression model. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the impact of imputation on study outcomes by comparing the results before and after the imputation process (Table S3). This comparison ensured that the imputation process did not change the association between PA and mortality, indicating the robustness of the study.

The US NHANES cohort

The NHANES, conducted by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, combines data from NHANES III (1988–1994) and continuous NHANES (1999–2018). A multifaceted stratified sampling strategy encompasses a broad spectrum of civilian populations in the United States. Individuals aged <20 years (n = 56,976), pregnant women (n = 2,094), those without mortality data (n = 5,463), those without inflammation marker data (n = 4,002), or those without physical activity data (n = 3,388) were excluded, culminating in a final cohort of 35,239 individuals (Figure S1B). After excluding those with missing data for primary variables (PA, inflammation, and mortality), we performed multiple imputations to maximize the retention of participants by using the Random Forest algorithm within the MICE framework to address missing covariate data (alcohol consumption, education level, smoking, and employment status). This approach was chosen in accordance with established guidelines for handling missing data. The addressed covariates were solely used for adjustment in the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Sensitivity analysis was subsequently conducted to scrutinize the outcomes of the Cox proportional hazards regression model both before and after imputation (Table S3). This comparison confirmed that the imputation process did not alter the association between PA and mortality. Mortality data were linked to the National Center for Health Statistics and National Death Index until December 31, 2019.

Het volledige studierapport is gratis in te zien. Klik op de titel van het abstract:

ArticleVolume 6Issue 12102484December 16, 2025Open access

Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity

1,2,3,5 ∙ 1,2,3,4,5 ∙ 1,2,3,5 ∙ … ∙ 1,2,3 ∙ 4 ∙ 1,2,3,6 gcao@smmu.edu.cn … Show more
Cover Image - Cell Reports Medicine, Volume 6, Issue 12

Highlights

Physical activity decreases the risks of inflammation-related cancer
Physical activity decreases the risks of all-cancer mortality
Exercise counteracts inflammation and immunosenescence and improves overall immunity
Mki67 in immune cells is a potential biomarker of immunosenescence

Summary

The associations between physical activity (PA) and the incidence and mortality of cancers and their underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Using mutually verifiable cohort studies with 443,768 adults in the United Kingdom and United States, we find that systemic inflammation, whose level increases with age, is dose-dependently associated with higher risks of eight inflammation-related cancers and all-cancer mortality. PA is dose-dependently associated with lower levels of systemic inflammation. Aerobic PA (117–500 min/week) is significantly associated with lower risks of inflammation-related cancers and all-cancer mortality. Single-cell sequencing, RNA sequencing, cytometry, and inflammation array show that aerobic exercise training downregulates immunosenescence-related gene expression, Mki67+ immune cells, and pro-inflammatory molecules and upregulates anti-inflammatory factors, Flt3+ immune cells, natural killers, and T lymphocytes in mice and hamsters, especially in older animals. These findings link exercise training to cancer risk reduction by alleviating inflammation, decreasing immunosenescence, and improving the reservoirs of overall immunity for cancer prevention.

Graphical abstract

Graphical abstract undfig1





Supplemental information (2)

Document S1. Figures S1–S7 and Tables S1–S6
Document S2. Article plus supplemental information

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