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30 september 2026. Bron: ESMO 2026, 

Uit een meta-analyse onder 71 gerandomiseerde studies waarvan er 5 werden geselecteerd voor een gerichte analyse blijkt dat Zolbetuxemab = Vyloy wanneer gecombineerd met chemotherapie bij patiënten met gevorderde maagkanker of kanker in de gastro-oesofageale overgang met CLDN18.2-positieve, HER2-negatieve biomarkers, een betere overleving en langere ziekteprogressievrije tijd geeft in vergelijking met immuuntherapie met verschillende anti-PD-medicijnen. Zo zijn er 5 subgroepen geanalyseerd te weten zolbetuximab plus chemotherapie, pembrolizumab plus chemotherapie, tislelizumab plus chemotherapie, nivolumab plus chemotherapie en chemotherapie als monotherapie.

Een Bayesiaanse netwerk-meta-analyse met een 'fixed-effects'-model vergeleek de totale overleving en de ziekteprogressievrije overleving tussen PD-(L)1-subgroepen, ingedeeld op basis van gecombineerde waarden (CPS-waarden) : ≥1 tot <5, ≥5 tot <10 en ≥10.

CPS ≥1 tot <5

Vergeleken met alleen chemotherapie verminderde zolbetuximab plus chemotherapie het risico op overlijden, met een OS-HR van 0,77 (95%-betrouwbaarheidsinterval 0,67–0,89).
Ook pembrolizumab plus chemotherapie liet een voordeel zien wat betreft OS, met een HR van 0,79 (95%-CrI 0,65–0,96). 
Tislelizumab en nivolumab  plus chemotherapie lieten geen statistisch significante verschillen in OS zien ten opzichte van alleen chemotherapie.
Wat betreft ziekteprogressievrije tijd bedroegen de HR's ten opzichte van alleen chemotherapie 0,71 (95%-CrI 0,61–0,83) voor zolbetuximab en 0,79 (95%-CrI 0,64–0,97) voor pembrolizumab. 
Zolbetuxemab = Vyloy behaalde de hoogste SUCRA-waarden voor zowel OS als PFS, namelijk respectievelijk 84,0% en 93,2%.

CPS ≥5 tot <10

In de subgroep met een CPS van ≥5 tot <10 ging zolbetuximab plus chemotherapie gepaard met een OS-HR van 0,77 (95%-CrI 0,67–0,89) vergeleken met alleen chemotherapie.  Pembrolizumab, tislelizumab en nivolumab plus chemotherapie lieten geen statistisch significante verschillen in OS zien ten opzichte van alleen chemotherapie.
Wat betreft PFS bedroeg de HR voor zolbetuximab plus chemotherapie 0,71 (95%-CrI 0,61–0,83). Bij de indirecte vergelijking met pembrolizumab plus chemotherapie viel de PFS-HR numeriek in het voordeel uit van zolbetuximab (0,75; 95%-CrI 0,53–1,06), hoewel het verschil niet statistisch significant was. Zolbetuxemab = Vyloy  behaalde in deze subgroep de hoogste SUCRA-waarden: 89,7% voor OS en 91,0% voor PFS.

CPS ≥10

Bij patiënten met een PD-(L)1-CPS ≥10 werd een ander patroon waargenomen. Alle vier de actieve behandelregimes verlaagden het risico op overlijden in vergelijking met chemotherapie alleen.
De OS-HR's bedroegen 0,77 (95%-CrI 0,67–0,89) voor zolbetuximab , 0,67 (95%-CrI 0,57–0,79) voor pembrolizumab, 0,57 (95%-CrI 0,43–0,76) voor tislelizumab en 0,68 (95%-CrI 0,58–0,79) voor nivolumab. Voor PFS waren de respectievelijke HR's 0,71 (95%-CrI 0,61–0,83), 0,65 (95%-CrI 0,55–0,77), 0,56 (95%-CrI 0,42–0,74) en 0,68 (95%-CrI 0,58–0,80).
Tislelizumab plus chemotherapie behaalde in de subgroep met CPS ≥10 de hoogste SUCRA-waarden: 92,2% voor OS en 91,2% voor PFS. Over het geheel genomen kwamen regimes op basis van immuuntherapie met anti-PD medicijnen in de primaire analyse voor deze subgroep numeriek gunstiger naar voren dan zolbetuximab.

Het volledige studierapport is gratis in te zien of te downloaden. Klik daarvoor op de titel van het abstract:

Original articleVolume 11, Issue 10108530October 2026Open access

Zolbetuximab plus chemotherapy versus immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens by programmed death-ligand 1 combined positive score in locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a Bayesian network meta-analysis

Affiliations & Notes
Article Info
Publication History:
Published online September 16, 2026
Copyright: © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society for Medical Oncology.
Cover Image - ESMO Open, Volume 11, Issue 10

Highlights

•
This NMA compared efficacy of 1L zolbetuximab versus ICIs by PD-(L)1 CPS subgroup in gastric cancer.
•
In CPS ≥1 to <5 and ≥5 to <10, zolbetuximab showed consistent efficacy with similar or numerically favorable OS/PFS versus ICIs.
•
Across CPS ≥1 to <10, zolbetuximab demonstrated the highest ranking probabilities for OS and PFS among evaluated regimens.
•
In CPS ≥10, ICI-based regimens were numerically favored in the main NMA.
•
With optimal zolbetuximab exposure, zolbetuximab OS and PFS outcomes were similar to select ICI regimens in CPS ≥10.

Abstract

Background

In this network meta-analysis (NMA), efficacy of first-line (1L) zolbetuximab and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) was compared across programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-(L)1] combined positive score (CPS) levels in patients with locally advanced (LA) unresectable or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (mG/GEJ) adenocarcinoma in global trials.

Materials and methods

Studies evaluating zolbetuximab or ICIs plus chemotherapy as 1L treatments among adults with LA unresectable or mG/GEJ adenocarcinoma were included. A Bayesian fixed-effects NMA compared overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) across treatments in PD-(L)1 CPS subgroups (CPS ≥1 to <5; ≥5 to <10; or ≥10). Because PD-(L)1 CPS is a biologically and clinically validated treatment effect modifier for ICIs, CPS-specific hazard ratios were used for ICIs but not zolbetuximab, which targets claudin 18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2). Sensitivity analyses of PD-(L)1 CPS ≥10 leveraged patients with optimal zolbetuximab exposure—those who did not experience nausea/vomiting leading to inadequate dose exposure or discontinuation.

Results

Five regimens (zolbetuximab, pembrolizumab, tislelizumab, or nivolumab plus chemotherapy, and chemotherapy alone) were included. In PD-(L)1 CPS ≥1 to <5, zolbetuximab showed similar or numerically favorable OS and PFS versus ICIs. In PD-(L)1 CPS ≥5 to <10, zolbetuximab had numerically favorable OS and PFS versus ICIs. In PD-(L)1 CPS ≥10, ICIs had numerically favorable OS and PFS versus zolbetuximab. However, in sensitivity analyses, among patients with optimal zolbetuximab exposure, zolbetuximab showed similar OS and PFS to ICIs.

Conclusions

These findings support a biomarker-informed treatment approach in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, CLDN18.2-positive advanced gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma. In PD-(L)1 CPS ≥1 to <10, zolbetuximab plus chemotherapy demonstrated consistent efficacy and may represent a relevant option beyond PD-(L)1–driven selection. In CPS ≥10, zolbetuximab remained clinically meaningful, with efficacy comparable to select ICI-based regimens when exposure is optimized. Results should be interpreted cautiously given these are indirect comparisons and warrant confirmation in prospective studies.

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge Lawrence Chang for his contribution to the study design, data interpretation, critical review and editing, approval, and accountability of the work for the manuscript, and Emilse Roncancio-Diaz for her thoughtful review and valuable suggestions that helped improve this manuscript. Medical writing support, conducted in accordance with Good Publication Practice (2022) and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors guidelines, was provided by Jing Xu, PhD, CMPP, of Oxford PharmaGenesis Inc, Wilmington, DE, USA, and was funded by Astellas Pharma Inc.

Data availability

Details on how researchers may request access to anonymized participant-level data, trial-level data, and protocols from Astellas-sponsored clinical trials are available at https://www.clinicaltrials.astellas.com/transparency/.

Funding

This study was funded by Astellas Pharma Inc [no grant number].

Disclosure

KS reports receiving personal fees for consulting and advisory roles from AbbVie, ALX Oncology Inc., Amgen, Arcus Biosciences, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS), CMIC, Daiichi Sankyo, eChinaHealth, Elevation Oncology, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline K.K., Guardant Health Japan, HEALIOS K.K., Janssen, Leap Therapeutics, Moderna, Merck, Novartis, Oncolys BioPharma, Ono Pharmaceutical, Phanes Therapeutics, Inc., Revolution Medicines, Sanofi, Scandion Oncology, Suzuhou Lingyhui, Takeda, and Zymeworks; honoraria from Astellas, AstraZeneca, BMS, Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen, and Ono Pharmaceutical; and research funding (all received by KS’s institution) from Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Chugai, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Incyte Biosciences G.K., Medpace Japan K.K., Merck, Ono Pharmaceutical, PPD-SNBL K.K. and TORAY, PRA Health Sciences, Syneos Health, and Taiho Pharmaceutical. SYR reports grants or contracts from Amgen, Astellas, BeOne, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly and Company, Gilead, Ipsen, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Merck, MSD, Ono, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, and Taiho Pharmaceutical; consulting fees from Amgen, Arcus Biosciences, Astellas, AstraZeneca, BeOne, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Gilead, Indivumed GmbH, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, LG Chem, MSD, Ono Pharmaceutical, and Qureator; and payment or honoraria from Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, BeOne, BMS, Daiichi Sankyo, MSD, and Ono Pharmaceutical. SJK reports consulting fees from Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, BMS, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, Eisai, Elevation Oncology, I-Mab, Merck, and Taiho Oncology; payment or honoraria for the Gastric Cancer Lecture in 2023 from Merck; participation in a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for Sanofi-Aventis; stock options from MBrace Therapeutics (no value, private company); membership of the National Comprehensive Cancer (NCCN) guidelines panel (not compensated), continuing medical education participation for Research to Practice (payment provided to SJK); and participation as a medical advisory board member for Debbie’s Dream Foundation (not compensated) and Hope for Stomach Cancer (not compensated). FL reports grants or contracts from AstraZeneca, BeOne, BMS, Daiichi Sankyo, and Gilead; consulting fees from Amgen, Astellas, BMS, Eli Lilly and Company, MSD, PAGE, Servier; payment or honoraria from Astellas, AstraZeneca, BMS, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly and Company, Medupdate, Merck, MSD, Roche, Servier, and StreamedUp!; meeting or travel support from AstraZeneca and Daiichi Sankyo; and leadership roles in the European Society for Medical Oncology, the International Gastric Cancer Association, and the International Cancer Foundation. RR, MO, RHG, and GG are full-time employees of Astellas Pharma Inc. XC and HY are full-time employees of Analysis Group, Inc., which was contracted by Astellas Pharma Inc. to carry out this work.

Supplementary data (4)

Supplementary Material 1
Supplementary Figure S1
Supplementary Figure S2
Supplementary Figure S3

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