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5 januari 2020: Bron: JAMA

Al in 1998 publiceerde JAMA een gerandomiseerde studie die aantoonde dat een Mediterraan dieet veel beter het ontstaan van kanker voorkomt bij patienten met hart- en vaatziektes dan beste zorg. Ook de overall overleving was beduidend beter voor die patienten die een Mediteraan dieet volgden. Wat opvalt is de rol die goede vetzuren zoals Omega-3 (visolie) lijkt te spelen in de preventie van kanker en overall overleving.

Uit het abstract:

Tijdens een follow-up van 4 jaar waren er in totaal 38 sterfgevallen (24 in controlegroep versus 14 in de experimentele groep van het Mediterrane dieet), waaronder 25 doden door hartfalen / hartproblemen (19 versus 6) en 7 sterfgevallen door kanker (4 versus 3) en 24 mensen hadden een vorm van kanker gekregen (17 versus 7).

Uitsluiting van vroege diagnoses van kanker (binnen de eerste 24 maanden na deelname aan het onderzoek) liet in totaal 14 mensen zien waarbij kanker was ontstaan. (12 versus 2).
Na correctie voor leeftijd, geslacht, roken, leukocytenaantal, cholesterolgehalte en aspirinegebruik was de vermindering van het risico bij proefpersonen in vergelijking met proefpersonen 56% (P = 0,03) voor totale sterfte, 61% (P = 0,05) ) voor ontstaan van kanker en 56% (P = .01) voor de combinatie van sterfgevallen en ontstaan van kanker.
De inname van fruit, groenten en granen was significant hoger bij de personen uit de groep van het Mediterrane dieet , waardoor grotere hoeveelheden vezels en vitamine C werden verkregen (P <0,05).
De innames van cholesterol en verzadigde en meervoudig onverzadigde vetten waren lager en die van oliezuur en omega-3-vetzuren waren hoger (P <.001) bij de personen uit de groep van het Mediterrane dieet.
Plasmaspiegels van vitamine C en E (P <.05) en omega-3-vetzuren (P <.001), gemeten 2 maanden na randomisatie, waren hoger en die van omega-6-vetzuren waren lager (P <.001) bij de personen uit de groep van het Mediterrane dieet.

Hier een grafiek uit het studierapport waaruit te lezen is welke voedingsstoffen bij welke patienten een rol speelden:

Table 4.

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Mean Daily Nutrient Intake in Patients Who Did and Did Not Develop Cancer*

Het volledige studierapport: Mediterranean dietary pattern in a randomized trial: prolonged survival and possible reduced cancer rate. is gratis in te zien.

Hier het abstract van de studie met referentielijst.

This randomized trial suggests that patients following a cardioprotective Mediterranean diet have a prolonged survival and may also be protected against cancer. Further studies are warranted to confirm the data and to explore the role of the different lipids and fatty acids in this protection.

1998 Jun 8;158(11):1181-7.

Mediterranean dietary pattern in a randomized trial: prolonged survival and possible reduced cancer rate.

de Lorgeril M1, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, Boucher P, Mamelle N.

Author information

1: Laboratoire de Physiologie and GIP-Exercice, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Saint-Etienne and School of Medicine, France.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The Mediterranean dietary pattern is thought to reduce the risk of cancer in addition to being cardioprotective. However, no trial has been conducted so far to prove this belief.

METHODS:

We compared overall survival and newly diagnosed cancer rate among 605 patients with coronary heart disease randomized in the Lyon Diet Heart Study and following either a cardioprotective Mediterranean-type diet or a control diet close to the step 1 American Heart Association prudent diet.

RESULTS:

During a follow-up of 4 years, there were a total of 38 deaths (24 in controls vs 14 in the experimental group), including 25 cardiac deaths (19 vs 6) and 7 cancer deaths (4 vs 3), and 24 cancers (17 vs 7). Exclusion of early cancer diagnoses (within the first 24 months after entry into the trial) left a total of 14 cancers (12 vs 2). After adjustment for age, sex, smoking, leukocyte count, cholesterol level, and aspirin use, the reduction of risk in experimental subjects compared with control subjects was 56% (P=.03) for total deaths, 61% (P=.05) for cancers, and 56% (P=.01) for the combination of deaths and cancers. The intakes of fruits, vegetables, and cereals were significantly higher in experimental subjects, providing larger amounts of fiber and vitamin C (P<.05). The intakes of cholesterol and saturated and polyunsaturated fats were lower and those of oleic acid and omega-3 fatty acids were higher (P<.001) in experimental subjects. Plasma levels of vitamins C and E (P<.05) and omega-3 fatty acids (P<.001), measured 2 months after randomization, were higher and those of omega-6 fatty acids were lower (P<.001) in experimental subjects.

CONCLUSIONS:

This randomized trial suggests that patients following a cardioprotective Mediterranean diet have a prolonged survival and may also be protected against cancer. Further studies are warranted to confirm the data and to explore the role of the different lipids and fatty acids in this protection.

Comment in

Mediterranean diets and cancer prevention. [Arch Intern Med. 1998]

PMID:: 9625397
DOI:: 10.1001/archinte.158.11.1181

[Indexed for MEDLINE]

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Mediterraan dieet, preventie van kanker, patienten met hart- en vaatziekte, JAMA, gerandomiseerde studie, overall overleving