AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Jagpreet Chhatwal: Conceptualization; formal analysis; methodology; investigation; supervision; project administration; writing—review and editing; validation; funding acquisition; resources; writing—original draft. Jade Xiao: Formal analysis; data curation; visualization; writing—original draft; methodology; writing—review and editing; validation; software. Andrew K. ElHabr: Software; validation; methodology; writing—review and editing; writing—original draft; visualization; formal analysis; data curation. Christopher Tyson: Conceptualization; data curation; writing—review and editing; methodology; resources. Xiting Cao: Conceptualization; data curation; writing—review and editing; project administration; supervision; methodology; investigation; resources. Sana Raoof: Writing—review and editing. A. Mark Fendrick: Writing—review and editing. A. Burak Ozbay: Writing—review and editing. Paul Limburg: Writing—review and editing. Tomasz M. Beer: Writing—review and editing. Andrew Briggs: Writing—review and editing. Ashish A. Deshmukh: Writing—review and editing
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This study was funded by Exact Sciences Corporation, Madison, WI.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
Jagpreet Chhatwal has ownership in Value Analytics Labs. Christopher Tyson, Xiting Cao, A. Burak Ozbay, Paul Limburg, and Tomasz M. Beer are employees of Exact Sciences. Sana Raoof is a consultant for GRAIL, Exact Sciences, the American Cancer Society, and C the Signs. A. Mark Fendrick directs the University of Michigan Center for Value-Based Insurance Design; he reports providing consulting services to AbbVie, CareFirst Blue Cross Blue Shield, Centivo, Clover Health, Community Oncology Association, Covered California, Elektra Health, EmblemHealth, Employee Benefit Research Institute, Exact Sciences, GRAIL, HealthScale Technologies, HealthCorum, MedZed Inc., Merck and Company, Mother Goose Health, Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Proton Intelligence, Inc., Sempre Health, Silver Fern Healthcare, US Department of Defense, Virginia Center for Health Innovation, Wellth, Yale-New Haven Health System; he reports receiving research support from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, West Health Policy Center, Arnold Ventures, National Pharmaceutical Council, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the state of Michigan, and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; serves as coeditor for the American Journal of Managed Care; and maintains a partnership at VBID Health. Andrew Briggs has consulting or advisory roles at AstraZeneca, Ipsen, Idorsia, Sanofi, Pfizer, Novartis, Rhythm Therapeutics, BMS GmbH & Co KG, Gilead Sciences, Teofarma, Astellas Pharma, Takeda, Bipi. Ashish A. Deshmukh is a consultant for Merck Inc. and Value Analytics Labs. Sana Raoof and Ashish A. Deshmukh received consulting fees from Value Analytics Labs. No additional conflicts of interest were reported by the rest of the authors.
INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD STATEMENT
This study did not involve any interaction with patients, patient data, or protected health information. All data used in this research were obtained from publicly available sources, secondary datasets, or nonhuman subject activities. As such, the study was deemed not to involve human subjects as defined by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (45 CFR 46.102).
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
All data generated by the simulation model are made available in the manuscript. Model code is unable to be shared publicly due to proprietary restrictions.
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