Zie ook onder alvleesklierkanker voor gerelateerde artikelen.

Raadpleeg ook literatuurlijst niet-toxische middelen en behandelingen specifiek bij alvleesklierkanker en galwegkanker van arts-bioloog drs. Engelbert Valstar.

Zie ook dit artikel: https://kanker-actueel.nl/personalised-medicine-op-basis-van-dna-en-rna-mutaties-voor-bv-immuuntherapie-met-anti-pd-en-gerichte-behandelingen-lijkt-voor-galwegenkanker-zeker-zinvol-aldus-overzichtsstudie.html


19 augustus 2021: The Lancet, Published:July 30, 2021

Galwegenkanker is heel moeilijk te behandelen, zeker als het uitgezaaid is in de lever en niet meer operabel is. Toch lijkt nu immuuntherapie met twee verschillende medicijnen, Pertuzumab plus Trastuzumab - Herceptin, voor een deel van de patiënten die een HER-2 mutatie en/of overexpressie hebben een hoopvolle aanpak. Uit een zogeheten open label fase2 basket studie bij totaal 39 patiënten met gevorderde uitgezaaide galwegenkanker gaven 9 patiënten (= 23 procent)  een PR = gedeeltelijke respons te zien (PR = 50 procent of meer vermindering van tumorgrootte en aantal) [95% BI 11-39]) en de mediane totale overleving was 10,9 maanden vergeleken met 5,1 maanden met tweedelijns standaardzorg FOLFOX. De follow-up van de studie was 8,1 maanden. 

De bijwerkingen van deze behandeling waren beheersbaar. Graad 3-4 optredende bijwerkingen werden gemeld bij 18 (46%) van de 39 patiënten, meestal verhoogde ALAT = alanineaminotransferase en verhoogde ASAT = aspartaataminotransferase (elk bij vijf patiënten [13%] van de 39).
Aan de behandeling gerelateerde bijwerkingen van graad 3 werden gemeld bij drie (8%) van de 39 patiënten, waaronder verhoogde ALAT = alanineaminotransferase, ASAT = aspartaataminotransferase, bloedalkalinefosfatase en bloedbilirubine.
Ernstige, tijdens de behandeling optredende bijwerkingen werden waargenomen bij tien (26%) van de 39 patiënten, waarvan alleen buikpijn bij meer dan één patiënt (twee [5%] van de 39). Er waren geen aan de behandeling gerelateerde ernstige bijwerkingen, aan de behandeling gerelateerde voorvallen van graad 4 of overlijden.

Het studierapport is in The Lancet gepubliceerd en tegen betaling in te zien. Klik op de titel van het abstract:

Pertuzumab and trastuzumab for HER2-positive, metastatic biliary tract cancer (MyPathway): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2a, multiple basket study


Summary

Background

Systemic therapies for metastatic biliary tract cancers are few, and patients have a median overall survival of less than 1 year. MyPathway evaluates the activity of US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies in non-indicated tumours with potentially actionable molecular alterations. In this study, we present an analysis of patients with metastatic biliary tract cancers with HER2 amplification, overexpression, or both treated with a dual anti-HER2 regimen, pertuzumab plus trastuzumab, from MyPathway.

Methods

MyPathway is a non-randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 2a, multiple basket study. Patients aged 18 years and older with previously treated metastatic biliary tract cancers with HER2 amplification, HER2 overexpression, or both and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–2 were enrolled from 23 study sites in the USA and received intravenous pertuzumab (840 mg loading dose, then 420 mg every 3 weeks) plus trastuzumab (8 mg/kg loading dose, then 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks). The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1. The primary outcome and adverse events were analysed in all patients who received at least one dose of pertuzumab and trastuzumab. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.govNCT02091141, and is ongoing.

Findings

39 patients enrolled in the MyPathway HER2 biliary tract cancer cohort between Oct 28, 2014, and May 29, 2019, were evaluable for anti-tumour activity by the March 10, 2020, data cutoff date. Median follow-up was 8·1 months (IQR 2·7–15·7). Nine of 39 patients achieved a partial response (objective response rate 23% [95% CI 11–39]). Grade 3–4 treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in 18 (46%) of 39 patients, most commonly increased alanine aminotransferase and increased aspartate aminotransferase (each five [13%] of 39). Treatment-related grade 3 adverse events were reported in three (8%) of 39 patients, including increased alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood alkaline phosphatase, and blood bilirubin. Serious treatment-emergent adverse events were observed in ten (26%) of 39 patients, of which only abdominal pain occurred in more than one patient (two [5%] of 39). There were no treatment-related serious adverse events, treatment-related grade 4 events, or deaths.

Interpretation

Treatment was well tolerated in patients with previously treated HER2-positive metastatic biliary tract cancer. The response rate is promising for the initiation of randomised, controlled trials of pertuzumab plus trastuzumab in this patient population.

Funding

F Hoffmann-La Roche–Genentech.

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