18 september 2023: Bron: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol (2023)

Uit Amerikaans epidemologisch onderzoek van 2005 tot 2018 naar relatie tussen PFAS (Poly- en perfluoralkylstoffen) en kanker op basis van datagegevens bij volwassenen vanaf 20 jaar uit het National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) blijkt dat vrouwen die veel blootgesteld waren aan bepaalde PFAS bevattende producten, gediagnosticeerd werden met vooral hormoon gerelateerde vormen van kanker, waaronder eierstokkanker maar ook vaker een diagnose hadden van melanomen. Bij mannen werden geen of nauwelijks verschillen ontdekt in diagnoses van kanker gerelateerd aan PFAS bevattende producten. 

PFAS (Poly- en perfluoralkylstoffen) bevattende producten worden gebruikt in duizenden huishoudelijke en industriële producten. Pfas is een verzamelnaam voor duizenden chemische stoffen die van nature niet in het milieu voorkomen. De afkorting PFAS staat voor poly- en perfluoralkylstoffen. Er zijn ongeveer 5000 verschillende soorten pfas. De bekendste voorbeelden zijn GenX, PFOA en PFOS. De stoffen zijn geliefd in de industrie omdat ze hittebestendig en vocht-, vet- en vuilafstotend zijn. Ze worden gebruikt in producten als pannen, waterafstotende kleding, blusschuim en cosmetica. De stoffen zijn slecht voor het milieu, nauwelijks afbreekbaar en schadelijk voor het afweersysteem. Een aantal types zijn bij langdurige blootstelling kankerverwekkend.


PFAS was en is in het nieuws door Chemour en 3FM en de Westerschelde. 

In het abstract staat o.a.: "Biomarkers in alle blootstellingscategorieën (fenolen, parabenen en per- en polyfluoralkylstoffen) werden cross-sectioneel geassocieerd met een verhoogde kans op eerdere melanoomdiagnoses bij vrouwen, en een verhoogde kans op eerdere eierstokkanker werd geassocieerd met verschillende fenolen en parabenen."

Het onderzoek omvatte voor PFAS 16.696 vrouwen en mannen. Voor Fenolen 10.428 mannen en vrouwen. Zie onderstaande grafiek:

figure 1


Het Algemeen Dagblad heeft een uitgebreid artikel erover: 

Studie koppelt blootstelling aan PFAS-chemicaliën aan hogere kans op kanker bij vrouwen

Het volledige studierapport is gratis in te zien of te downloaden:

Exploratory profiles of phenols, parabens, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances among NHANES study participants in association with previous cancer diagnoses

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology (2023)Cite this article

Abstract

Background

Some hormonally active cancers have low survival rates, but a large proportion of their incidence remains unexplained. Endocrine disrupting chemicals may affect hormone pathways in the pathology of these cancers.

Objective

To evaluate cross-sectional associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), phenols, and parabens and self-reported previous cancer diagnoses in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods

We extracted concentrations of 7 PFAS and 12 phenols/parabens and self-reported diagnoses of melanoma and cancers of the thyroid, breast, ovary, uterus, and prostate in men and women (≥20 years). Associations between previous cancer diagnoses and an interquartile range increase in exposure biomarkers were evaluated using logistic regression models adjusted for key covariates. We conceptualized race as social construct proxy of structural social factors and examined associations in non-Hispanic Black, Mexican American, and other Hispanic participants separately compared to White participants.

Results

Previous melanoma in women was associated with higher PFDE (OR:2.07, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.43), PFNA (OR:1.72, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.73), PFUA (OR:1.76, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.89), BP3 (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.96), DCP25 (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.22, 4.76), and DCP24 (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.26). Previous ovarian cancer was associated with higher DCP25 (OR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.08, 7.27), BPA (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.11, 3.35) and BP3 (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.00, 3.09). Previous uterine cancer was associated with increased PFNA (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.34), while higher ethyl paraben was inversely associated (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.85). Various PFAS were associated with previous ovarian and uterine cancers in White women, while MPAH or BPF was associated with previous breast cancer among non-White women.

Impact Statement

Biomarkers across all exposure categories (phenols, parabens, and per- and poly- fluoroalkyl substances) were cross-sectionally associated with increased odds of previous melanoma diagnoses in women, and increased odds of previous ovarian cancer was associated with several phenols and parabens. Some associations differed by racial group, which is particularly impactful given the established racial disparities in distributions of exposure to these chemicals. This is the first epidemiological study to investigate exposure to phenols in relation to previous cancer diagnoses, and the first NHANES study to explore racial/ethnic disparities in associations between environmental phenol, paraben, and PFAS exposures and historical cancer diagnosis.

Data availability

NHANES data is publicly available. The analytical dataset for this study and code can be available upon request (Amber Cathey [acathey@umich.edu], Max Aung [maxaung@usc.edu]).

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Acknowledgements

Support for this research was provided by core center grant P30-ES030284 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center grant 5P30CA082103-23. Support for Drs. Aung, Woodruff, and Reynolds was provided in part by NCI/NIEHS grant 1UG3CA265845-01. Support for Dr. Aung was also partly provided by NIEHS core center grant P30-ES00748. Support for Drs. Colacino and Nguyen were partly provided by NIEHS core center grant P30ES017885 and NIEHS grant R01ES028802. Dr. Colacino was also partly supported by NCI/NIEHS grant UG3CA267907. Dr. Nguyen was partially supported by the Harvard Data Science Initiative.

Funding

Open access funding provided by SCELC, Statewide California Electronic Library Consortium.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Amber L. Cathey, Vy K. Nguyen & Justin A. Colacino

  2. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Vy K. Nguyen

  3. Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Tracey J. Woodruff

  4. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Peggy Reynolds

  5. Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Max T. Aung

Contributions

ALC: formal analysis, investigation, methodology, visualization, writing - original draft, writing - review and editing; VKN: methodology, writing - review and editing; JAC: supervision, writing - review and editing; TJW: supervision, writing - review and editing; PR: conceptualization, project administration, supervision, writing - review and editing; MTA: conceptualization, funding acquisition, project administration, supervision, writing - review and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Max T. Aung.

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Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Cathey, A.L., Nguyen, V.K., Colacino, J.A. et al. Exploratory profiles of phenols, parabens, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances among NHANES study participants in association with previous cancer diagnoses. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-023-00601-6

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