17 augustus 2023: Bron: The Lancet

Voor patiënten met niet-kleincellige longkanker (NSCLC) die niet in aanmerking komen voor op platina gebaseerde dubbele chemokuur, geeft immuuntherapie als eerstelijns behandeling met alleen anti-PD medicijn atezolizumab een verbeterde algehele overleving in vergelijking met chemotherapie met 1 medicijn. Na 2 jaar was met alleen atezolizumab nog 24 procent van de deelnemende patiënten in leven tegenover 12 procent met alleen 1 chemokuur. Ook de ernstige bijwerkingen waren minder voor atezolizumab (16 vs 33 procent) . En minder aan behandeling gerelateerde sterfgevallen (1 vs 3 procent).

Siow Ming Lee, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., en collega's van het University College London, voerden deze gerandomiseerde gecontroleerde fase III studie  uit op 91 locaties in 23 landen om de werkzaamheid en veiligheid van eerstelijns monotherapie met atezolizumab te vergelijken met chemotherapie met één middel bij patiënten met stadium IIIB of IV niet-kleincellige longkanker (NSCLC) bij wie op platina gebaseerde dubbele chemotherapie ongeschikt werd geacht.
In totaal werden 453 patiënten ingeschreven en willekeurig toegewezen aan atezolizumab of chemotherapie (respectievelijk 302 en 151 patiënten).

De onderzoekers ontdekten dat atezolizumab in vergelijking met chemotherapie de algehele overleving verbeterde (mediane totale overleving, 10,3 versus 9,2 maanden; gestratificeerde hazard ratio, 0,78), met een overlevingspercentage van twee jaar van 24 procent met atezolizumab en 12 procent met chemotherapie.

Atezolizumab werd geassocieerd met stabilisatie of verbetering van door de patiënt gerapporteerde gezondheidsgerelateerde kwaliteit van leven functionerende schalen en symptomen in vergelijking met chemotherapie, en met minder graad 3 tot 4 behandelingsgerelateerde bijwerkingen (16 versus 33 procent) en behandelingsgerelateerde sterfgevallen (1 versus 3 procent).

Als conclusie schrijven de auteurs:

"Eerstelijns atezolizumab werd in verband gebracht met een verbeterde overleving en een verdubbeling van de overlevingskans na twee jaar, ondanks dat meer dan 50 procent van de patiënten in de chemotherapie groep na twee jaar nog in leven was en daaropvolgende immuuntherapie kreeg", schrijven de auteurs.

Het volledige studierapport is tegen betaling in te zien. Hier het abstract uit the Lancet:

ARTICLES| VOLUME 402, ISSUE 10400P451-463, AUGUST 05, 2023

First-line atezolizumab monotherapy versus single-agent chemotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer ineligible for treatment with a platinum-containing regimen (IPSOS): a phase 3, global, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled study


Summary

Background

Despite immunotherapy advancements for patients with advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pivotal first-line trials were limited to patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 0–1 and a median age of 65 years or younger. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of first-line atezolizumab monotherapy with single-agent chemotherapy in patients ineligible for platinum-based chemotherapy.

Methods

This trial was a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled study conducted at 91 sites in 23 countries across Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Eligible patients had stage IIIB or IV NSCLC in whom platinum-doublet chemotherapy was deemed unsuitable by the investigator due to an ECOG PS 2 or 3, or alternatively, being 70 years or older with an ECOG PS 0–1 with substantial comorbidities or contraindications for platinum-doublet chemotherapy. Patients were randomised 2:1 by permuted-block randomisation (block size of six) to receive 1200 mg of atezolizumab given intravenously every 3 weeks or single-agent chemotherapy (vinorelbine [oral or intravenous] or gemcitabine ; dosing per local label) at 3-weekly or 4-weekly cycles. The primary endpoint was overall survival assessed in the intention-to-treat population. Safety analyses were conducted in the safety-evaluable population, which included all randomised patients who received any amount of atezolizumab or chemotherapy. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03191786.

Findings

Between Sept 11, 2017, and Sept 23, 2019, 453 patients were enrolled and randomised to receive atezolizumab (n=302) or chemotherapy (n=151). Atezolizumab improved overall survival compared with chemotherapy (median overall survival 10·3 months [95% CI 9·4–11·9] vs 9·2 months [5·9–11·2]; stratified hazard ratio 0·78 [0·63–0·97], p=0·028), with a 2-year survival rate of 24% (95% CI 19·3–29·4) with atezolizumab compared with 12% (6·7–18·0) with chemotherapy. Compared with chemotherapy, atezolizumab was associated with stabilisation or improvement of patient-reported health-related quality-of-life functioning scales and symptoms and fewer grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse events (49 [16%] of 300 vs 49 [33%] of 147) and treatment-related deaths (three [1%] vs four [3%]).

Interpretation

First-line treatment with atezolizumab monotherapy was associated with improved overall survival, a doubling of the 2-year survival rate, maintenance of quality of life, and a favourable safety profile compared with single-agent chemotherapy. These data support atezolizumab monotherapy as a potential first-line treatment option for patients with advanced NSCLC who are ineligible for platinum-based chemotherapy.

Funding

F Hoffmann-La Roche and Genentech Inc, a member of the Roche group.

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