14 december 2025: Bron: the Lancet

Wanneer patiënten met uitgezaaide niet-kleincellige longkanker als eerstelijns behandeling pre-operatief de combinatie van immuuntherapie plus chemotherapie 's morgens krijgen toegediend (voor 11.00 uur 's ochtends) dan blijkt na 5 jaar de ziektevrije overleving en de overall overleving bijna te verdubbelen - van 19,5 maanden naar 33 maanden - in vergelijking met toediening van de immuuntherapie plus chemotherapie in de late middag. De studie is uitgevoerd op twee continenten, te weten in de klinidche praktijk in ziekenhuizen in Frankrijk en China in de periode van Januari 2018 tot oktober 2023, dus 5 jaar. 

In het studieverslag schrijven de onderzoekers dit over deze studie:

Bewijs vóór dit onderzoek,

Immuuntherapie in combinatie met chemotherapie is de standaard eerstelijnsbehandeling geworden voor gevorderde niet-kleincellige longkanker zonder behandelbare aangetoonde genmutaties. Ondanks het wijdverbreide gebruik ervan, ondervindt ongeveer 40% van de patiënten geen klinisch voordeel van deze behandeling, wat de dringende behoefte aan nieuwe innovatieve therapeutische strategieën benadrukt om de behandelresultaten te verbeteren.
Meer dan 20 retrospectieve studies hebben aangetoond dat de ziekteprogressievrije en/of algehele overleving bij patiënten met gevorderde of uitgezaaide kanker, waaronder niet-kleincellige longkanker (NSCLC), bijna verdubbelt wanneer immuuncheckpointremmers - anti-PD medicijnen als monotherapie vroeg op de dag worden toegediend.
Preklinische studies in muismodellen suggereren bovendien dat het begin van de dagelijkse activiteit consistent geassocieerd is met een verbeterde antitumorwerking vanimmuuncheckpointremmers - anti-PD medicijnen.
Dit fenomeen wordt toegeschreven aan de circadiane ritmes die de functie, migratie en expressie van PD-1 in immuuncellen van immuun- en myeloïde cellen reguleren, en daarmee de respons op immuuntherapie beïnvloeden.

Toegevoegde waarde van dit onderzoek

Dit onderzoek is het eerste dat de gevolgen voor de overleving van het tijdstip van toediening van immuuntherapie plus chemotherapie onderzoekt bij patiënten met gevorderde niet-kleincellige longkanker ( NSCLC) op twee continenten met duidelijk verschillende etnische en leefstijlfactoren. We hebben een uitgebreide analyse uitgevoerd van longitudinale klinische en infusiegegevens van in totaal 713 patiënten die werden behandeld in toonaangevende oncologische centra in Parijs, Frankrijk en Changsha, China. Onze bevindingen, gericht op patiënten met de diagnose gevorderde of uitgezaaide niet-kleincellige longkanker, toonden aan dat het toedienen van ICI-infusies vóór het middaguur (11:30 uur) tijdens de vier kuren immuuntherapie plus chemotherapie gepaard ging met een bijna tweevoudige toename van zowel de ziekteprogressievrije overleving als de algehele overleving, vergeleken met patiënten die het grootste deel van hun behandeling na 11:30 uur ontvingen. Multivariate analyse bevestigde dat ochtend-ICI-infusie een onafhankelijke voorspeller was van verbeterde overlevingsresultaten.

Implicaties van al het beschikbare bewijs

Onze bevindingen bieden waardevolle inzichten in het optimaliseren van de effectiviteit van het immuuntherapie plus chemotherapieregime door het potentiële voordeel te benadrukken van het eerder op de dag plannen van ICI-infusies. Deze resultaten vullen bestaand bewijs aan over de timing van ICI-monotherapie bij zeven kankertypes, waarbij eveneens significante verbeteringen in de behandelingseffectiviteit werden gerapporteerd wanneer de therapie 's ochtends of vroeg in de middag werd toegediend. De cruciale timinggegevens die in deze studie worden gepresenteerd, kunnen dienen als basis voor het ontwerpen van gerandomiseerde klinische studies en translationele chronotherapiestudies die gericht zijn op het verder valideren van de therapeutische voordelen van de timing van de behandeling.
Dergelijke studies zouden de dagelijkse klinische praktijk informeren en de personalisatie van het toedieningsschema van immuuntherapie plus chemotherapier op basis van circadiane principes vergemakkelijken. Deze resultaten zullen ook bijdragen aan het groeiende aantal onderzoeken dat het circadiane timingsysteem en het immuunsysteem met elkaar verbindt, en zo het vakgebied van de precisiecircadiaanse geneeskunde verder ontwikkelen.

De resultaten uit het abstract vertaalt in het Nederlands:

De studie omvatte 713 patiënten (Cohort 1, n = 165; Cohort 2, n = 548). Pembrolizumab was de meest gebruikte immuuncheckpointremmer (51%), die werd gebruikt in combinatie met pemetrexed-carboplatin/cisplatine (49%) of paclitaxel-carboplatin (51%). De optimale tijdsgrens voor de start van de behandeling (ToDA) was 11:30 uur. Patiënten die vóór 11:30 uur immuunchemotherapie kregen, vertoonden een significant verbeterde algehele overleving (OS) (33,0 maanden [95% CI, 27,5–41,0] versus 19,5 maanden [18,0–22,5]; p < 0,0001).
Multivariabele analyse bevestigde dat een eerdere start van de behandeling (ToDA) geassocieerd was met een betere algehele overleving (aangepaste HR = 0,47 [95% CI, 0,37–0,60]). ToDA had een significant effect op de algehele overleving (OS) in elke studiegroep, evenals op de ziekteprogressievrije overleving (PFS) en de responspercentages in elke studiegroep en in de gecombineerde data.

Het volledige studierapport is gratis in te zien. Klik op de titel van het abstract:

ArticlesVolume 113105607March 2025Open access

Overall survival according to time-of-day of combined immuno-chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a bicentric bicontinental study

a,b,p ∙ c,d,p ∙ a ∙ e ∙ f ∙ c ∙ et al. Show more




Summary

Background

Circadian rhythms regulate immune cell activity, influencing responses to vaccines, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Early time-of-day administration (ToDA) of singe-agent ICIs has been associated with improved overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic “immunotherapy sensitive” cancers. However, the impact of ToDA on OS in patients receiving combination therapy with ICIs and chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients from oncology units in Paris, France (Cohort 1) and Hunan, China (Cohort 2) who received first-line immuno-chemotherapy for stage IIIC or IV NSCLC between January 2018 and October 2023. The primary outcome was OS. The median ToDA of the initial four ICI infusions was computed for each patient. Hazard ratio (HR) for death or progression were determined using cut-off times ranging from 10:30 to 13:00. Kaplan Meier and Cox models were used to estimate OS and progression-free survival (PFS) adjusting for main patient characteristics.

Findings

The study included 713 patients (Cohort 1, n = 165; Cohort 2, n = 548). Pembrolizumab was the most common ICI (51%), which was used with either pemetrexed-carboplatin/cisplatin (49%) or paclitaxel-carboplatin (51%). The optimal ToDA cut-off was 11:30, with patients receiving immuno-chemotherapy before 11:30 showing significantly improved OS (33.0 months [95% CI, 27.5–41.0] vs 19.5 months [18.0–22.5]; p < 0.0001). Multivariable analysis confirmed that earlier ToDA was associated with better OS (adjusted HR = 0.47 [95% CI, 0.37–0.60]). ToDA significantly impacted OS in each cohort and for PFS and response rates in each cohort and the pooled data.

Interpretation

This sizeable bi-continental study provided real-world evidence that morning administration of standard first-line immuno-chemotherapy was associated with improved clinical outcomes compared to afternoon dosing in patients with NSCLC. Randomised trials are required to validate this finding and inform recommendations for clinical practice.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (82222048, 82003206, 82173338, and 82102747).

Contributors

Z Huang conceived the study, collected Cohort 2 data, contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the data, manuscript writing, and development of figures and tables. A Karaboué conceived the study, collected Cohort 1 data, contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the data, manuscript writing, and development of figures and tables. L Zeng contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the data, and to manuscript review, and revision. A Lecoeuvre designed and performed the statistical analyses, wrote the statistical methods section, contributed to the preparation of figures and tables, and critically read and improved the manuscript. L Zhang, H Qin, F Yang, and L Deng collected data for Cohort 2. XM Li contributed to all collaborative aspects in the study, and critically read and improved the manuscript. G Danino, MS Malin, and M Rigal collected data for Cohort 1. H Liu, X Chen, and Q Xu collected data for Cohort 2, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. L Grimaldi designed the statistical analysis plan of each cohort and both pooled, discussed results, and critically read and improved the manuscript. T Collon contributed to Cohort 1 study design, patient assessments and reviewed the manuscript. J Wang, N Yang, and R Adam discussed results and interpretation, and critically improved the manuscript. B Duchemann conceived the study, was in charge of deidentified data collection for Cohort 1, contributed to all study progress and development, contributed to methods, results, interpretation, and manuscript writing. Y Zhang and F Lévi co-directed this study, including conception, organisation, data collection, auditing, supervision, project management, funding acquisition, writing and editing the manuscript. Z Huang, A Karaboué, A Lecoeuvre, B Duchemann, Y Zhang, and F Lévi verified the underlying data. All authors approved the current manuscript.

Data sharing statement

All the deidentified participant data will be made available 12 months after the publication of this manuscript to the scientists, who will address a request to francis.levi@universite-paris-saclay.fr.

Declaration of interests

All authors report no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgements

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Dr. Zhaohui Ruan and Dr. Jiacheng Dai for their valuable assistance in revising the language of this manuscript. Their insights and feedback have significantly improved the clarity and precision of our work.
This work received financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, (grant numbers: 82222048, 82173338, 82102747, 82303629, and 82160489) and Key Basic Research Project of Qinghai Provincial Department of Science and Technology (2022-ZJ-733).

Appendix A Supplementary data (1)

Tables and Figures

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