Raadpleeg ook literatuurlijst van niet-toxische middelen en behandelingen specifiek bij mond- en keelkanker van arts-bioloog drs. Engelbert Valstar.

21 februari 2022: European Journal of cancer dec. 2020

Immuuntherapie met anti-PD medicijnen geeft vaak goede resultaten bij gevorderde mond- en keelkanker, maar geeft soms ook ernstige bijwerkingen.  In een fase III studie, de zogenoemde GORTEXC 2017-01 studie: Randomized Trial of Avelumab-cetuximab-radiotherapy Versus SOCs in LA SCCHN werd in eerste instantie toevoeging van avelumab aan bestraling plus cisplatin onderzocht. Eerst moest echter worden onderzocht of dat niet teveel ernstige bijwerkingen op zou leveren. Al in december 2020 blijkt uit een kleinschalige veiligheidstudie bij totaal 82 patiënten dat die bijwerkingen meevielen en ruim binnen de gestelde veiligheidsgrenzen vielen en is de fase III GORTEC 2017-01 studie voortgezet. Onderaan het abstract van de fase III studie met eerste resultaten zoals die op ESMO 2021 is gepresenteerd.

Kernpunten uit die veiligheidstudie:

•De toxiciteiten van de combinatie van avelumab met cetuximab en radiotherapie waren niet bekend bij hoofd-hals plaveiselcelcarcinoom.
•De resultaten van de veiligheidsfase van een tweecohort fase III-onderzoek (geschikt of ongeschikt voor cisplatine) werden gepresenteerd.
•De meest voorkomende bijwerkingen van graad ≥III waren mucositis, radiodermatitis en dysfagie.
•Bijwerkingen van graad ≥IV kwamen voor bij 5/41 (12%) patiënten, allemaal in vergelijking met een controlegroep van dezelfde samenstgelling; er traden geen graad IV AE op Avelumab-cetuximab-radiotherapie versus zorgstandaarden bij lokaal gevorderd plaveiselcelcarcinoom van het hoofd-halsgebied.

Het volledige studierapport is gratis in te zien en klik daarvoor op de titel van het abstract:

ORIGINAL RESEARCH| VOLUME 141P21-29, DECEMBER 01, 2020

Avelumab–cetuximab–radiotherapy versus standards of care in locally advanced squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck: The safety phase of a randomised phase III trial GORTEC 2017-01 (REACH)

Open AccessPublished:October 24, 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2020.09.008

Highlights

  • The toxicities of combination of avelumab cetuximab and radiotherapy were unknown in head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma.
  • The results of the safety phase of two-cohort phase III trial (fit or unfit to cisplatin) were reported.
  • Most common grade ≥III AEs were mucositis, radio-dermatitis and dysphagia.
  • Grade ≥IV AEs occurred in 5/41 (12%) patients, all in unfit cohort; no grade IV AE occurred.
  • Approval was given for continuing the trial without modification.

Abstract

Background

Based on the hypothesis of synergistic effect of avelumab with cetuximab and radiotherapy, this new combination is tested in a randomised trial against two well-established standard of care (SOC) in locally advanced squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA-SCCHN).

Methods

This phase III trial comprises two cohorts of patients deemed fit to receive cisplatin (100 mg/m2 Q3W) (cohort 1) or unfit to cisplatin (cohort 2). The SOC was Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) with cisplatin in cohort 1 (arm A) and with weekly cetuximab in cohort 2 (arm D). In both cohorts, experimental arms (arms B and C) were IMRT with cetuximab and avelumab (10 mg/kg day 7 and every 2 weeks) followed by avelumab every two weeks for 12 months. A safety phase was planned among the first 41 patients in experimental arms by monitoring grade ≥IV adverse events (AEs) with an unacceptable rate of 35%.

Results

Between September 2017 and August 2018, 82 patients with LA-SCCHN were randomised including 41 patients in experimental arms. All patients of experimental arms except one (arm C) received entire radiotherapy as planned. Most common grade ≥III AEs were mucositis, radio-dermatitis, and dysphagia. Grade ≥IV AEs occurred in 5/41 (12%) patients, all in arm C (no grade V). This rate was acceptable according to the hypotheses of the safety phase. In the SOC arms, grade ≥IV AEs occurred in 3/21 patients (14%) in arm A and 2/20 (10%) in arm D. One grade V haemorrhage occurred in arm A.

Conclusion

The avelumab–cetuximab–RT combination was tolerable for patients with LA-SCCHN, and the approval was given for continuing the trial without modification.

Clinicaltrial.gov


Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest statement All authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Figures

  • Fig. 1
    Fig. 1Trial profile.

Date

20 Sep 2021

Session

Proffered Paper session - Head and neck cancer, excl. thyroid

Presenters

Jean Bourhis

Citation

Annals of Oncology (2021) 32 (suppl_5): S1283-S1346. 10.1016/annonc/annonc741

Authors

J. Bourhis1, Y. Tao2, X. Sun3, C. Sire4, L. Martin5, X. Liem6, A. Coutte7, Y. Pointreau8, J. Thariat9, J. Miroir10, F. Rolland11, M. Kaminsky12, C. Borel13, A. Maillard2, L. Sinigaglia14, J. Guigay15, E. Saada-Bouzid9, C. Even16, A. Aupérin17

Author affiliations

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Resources

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Abstract LBA35

Background

Based on a potential synergistic effect of anti–PD-L1 avelumab plus cetuximab and radiotherapy (RT), this combination was tested in a randomized phase III trial against 2 standards of care (SOC) in LA-SCCHN.

Methods

The trial comprised 2 cohorts of patients (pts) fit for cisplatin (3 cycles of 100 mg/m2, Q3W) or unfit for cisplatin. The SOC was IMRT 70 Gy / 6.5 weeks with cisplatin in fit pts and with cetuximab in unfit pts (Bonner, 2006). In both cohorts, experimental arm (Exp) was 70 Gy / 6.5 weeks plus weekly cetuximab and avelumab 10 mg/kg at Day-7 and every 2 weeks during RT followed by avelumab for 12 months. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). In Unfit pts, 115 events were needed / 277 pts to detect a HR of 0.62 (1-sided 0.05 type I error; power 80%). In Fit pts, 166 events were needed / 430 pts to detect a HR of 0.64 (2-sided 0.05 type I error; power 80%).

Results

Between 2017 and 2020, 707 pts were randomized. For cisplatin unfit pts , out of 277 pts, the number of PFS events was reached. Median age 67 years, 88% smokers, 61% oropharyngeal tumors (35% p16+), 24% stage III, 76% stage IV. Grade >= 3 AEs were 80% in both arms (p=0.91). Median follow-up was 21 months (IQR 15-28). PFS rate at 2 years (95%CI) was 44% (35%-53%) in Exp vs 31% (23%-40%) in Cetux-SOC (HR 0.85; p=0.15). Loco-regional progression at 2 years (95%CI) was 34% (26%-43%) in Exp vs 44% (35%-53%) in Cetux-SOC (HR = 0.83; p=0.34). Distant metastasis rate was lower in Exp (HR = 0.31, p=0.007). The 2-year OS rate (95%CI) was 58% (48%-67%) in Exp vs 54% in SOC (44%-64%) (HR 1.08; p-=0.69). For cisplatin fit pts, out of 430 pts, the number of PFS events was not reached. The interim analysis for futility based on 89 events in 317 first pts showed a 1-year PFS rate (95%CI) of 64% (54%-72%) in Exp vs 73% in SOC-cisplatin (65%-81%): HR 1.27 (95%CI 0.83-1.93), crossing the futility boundary.

Conclusions

In cisplatin-Unfit pts, a favorable effect of adding avelumab to cetuximab was seen on PFS, local-regional control, distant metastases, but the primary endpoint on PFS was not met. In cisplatin-Fit pts, the futility boundary for efficacy was crossed, favoring SOC cisplatin.

Clinical trial identification

NCT02999087.

Editorial acknowledgement

Legal entity responsible for the study

GORTEC.

Funding

GORTEC with a funding from MERCK Serono. This research was financially supported by Merck Serono S.A.S., Lyon, France, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, as part of an alliance between Merck (CrossRef Funder ID: 10.13039/100009945) and Pfizer.

Disclosure

All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


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