Raadpleeg ook literatuurlijsten niet-toxische middelen en behandelingen bij verschillende vormen van kanker en chemo en bestraling enz.  van arts-bioloog drs. Engelbert Valstar

25 oktober 2024: Uit een nieuwe publicatie in The Lancet van de INTERLACE fase III studie blijkt dat pre-operatief 6 weken chemo gevolgd door standaard behandeling van radiotherapie plus chemotherapie bij patiënten met baarmoederhalskanker de overall overlevingstijd stijgt van 64 procent naar 72 procent. Gemeten over 10 jaar bij 500 patiënten uit 5 verschillende landen. Volgens enkele medisch specialisten baarmoederhalskanker is dit een doorbraak en zou deze aanpak standaard behandeling moeten worden voor deze groep van patiënten. 

Conclusie
Kortdurende inductiechemotherapie gevolgd door chemoradiotherapie verbetert de overleving van patiënten met lokaal gevorderde baarmoederhalskanker aanzienlijk.

Zie onderaan abstract en link naar volledige studierapport uit the Lancet .

15 november 2021: Bron: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Volume 111, Issue 3, Supplement, 1 November 2021, Page e616

Pre-operatieve chemo (chemo vooraf aan operatie) bij lokaal uitgezaaide baarmoederhalskanker met tumoren groter dan 4 cm. gevolgd door standaard behandeling van radiotherapie plus chemotherapie gelijktijdig blijkt effectiever te zijn dan alleen de standaard behandeling van radiotherapie plus chemotherapie. Neoadjuvante chemotherapie voorafgaand aan gelijktijdige chemoradiotherapie minimaliseerde het tumorvolume en daarmee kon de stralingsdosis naar de omliggende organen vermindert worden. Het resultaat bleek een verbetering van het aantal patiënten dat de volle chemokuren plus gelijktijdige radiotherapie konden volhouden. (100 procent versus 88,89 procent).
Pre-operatieve chemo bestond uit paclitaxel + cisplatine, dezelfde chemocombinatie die gebruikt werd als de standaard chemo naast de radiotherapie.

Dit waren de verschillen tussen de twee groepen: 
  • Het percentage onmiddellijke volledige respons was beter in groep 1 dan in groep 2 (P = .001).
  • In groep 1 voltooiden alle patiënten (100%) neoadjuvante chemotherapie + gelijktijdige chemoradiotherapie. Veertig (88,89%) patiënten voltooiden de behandeling (P = 0,013).
  • Met betrekking tot tumorkrimp was het mediane tumorvolume na neoadjuvante chemotherapie 33,91 cm3 in groep 1, 79,74 cm3 in groep 2. Er werd een significant verschil waargenomen tussen de twee groepen (P = .000).

Deze resultaten van een fase 3, single-center, prospectieve, gerandomiseerde, gecontroleerde, klinische studie, werd gepresenteerd op de jaarlijkse bijeenkomst van de American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), van 24 tot 27 oktober.

Uit het abstract vertaald:

Patiënten met lokaal gevorderde baarmoederhalskanker (tumoren ≥4 cm) volgens de criteria van 2018 van de International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics werden gerandomiseerd in twee groepen:

Groep 1: Neoadjuvante chemotherapie + gelijktijdige chemoradiotherapie. Patiënten werden gedurende twee cycli behandeld met paclitaxel + cisplatine, daarna gelijktijdige chemoradiotherapie met paclitaxel + cisplatine gedurende twee cycli
Groep 2: Gelijktijdige chemoradiotherapie. Patiënten werden gelijktijdig behandeld met chemoradiotherapie met paclitaxel + cisplatine gedurende twee cycli

Primaire eindpunten waren krimp in tumorvolume, responspercentage en toxiciteit. Secundaire eindpunten waren progressievrije en algehele overleving.

Van maart 2019 tot en met 2020 werden 97 patiënten willekeurig ingedeeld (n=52 groep 1, n=45 groep 2).

In groep 1, na neoadjuvante chemotherapie, van 52 evalueerbare patiënten, reageerden er 52:
n=1 (1,92%) volledige respons n=24 (46,15%) gedeeltelijke respons n=27 (51,92%) stabiele ziekte=0 (0%) progressieve ziekte 0 (0 %). Alle 52 patiënten voltooiden gelijktijdige chemoradiotherapie.

In groep 1 van 52 evalueerbare patiënten reageerden er 52:
n=17 (32,69%) volledige respons n=35 (67,31%) gedeeltelijke respons n=0 (0%) stabiele ziekten=0 (0%) progressieve ziekte 0 (0 %).

In groep 2 voltooiden vijf patiënten de gelijktijdige chemoradiotherapie niet vanwege grote tumoren en intolerantie voor gelijktijdige radiotherapie.

In groep 2, van 40 evalueerbare patiënten, reageerden er 40:

n=8 (20,00%) volledige respons n=32 (80.00%) gedeeltelijke respons n=0 (0%) stabiele ziekte = 0 (0%) progressieve ziekte 0.
Het percentage onmiddellijke volledige respons was beter in groep 1 dan in groep 2 (P = .001). In groep 1 voltooiden alle patiënten (100%) neoadjuvante chemotherapie + gelijktijdige chemoradiotherapie. Veertig (88,89%) patiënten voltooiden de behandeling (P = 0,013).
Met betrekking tot tumorkrimp was het mediane tumorvolume na neoadjuvante chemotherapie 33,91 cm3 in groep 1, 79,74 cm3 in groep 2. Er werd een significant verschil waargenomen tussen de twee groepen (P = .000).

Hematologische en gastro-intestinale toxiciteiten kwamen het meest voor. Acute toxiciteiten waren hematologisch en gastro-intestinaal. Er werd geen significant verschil in ernstige bijwerkingen waargenomen tussen de twee groepen.
 
Het volledige studierapport is tegen betaling te donnloaden via een PDF. Hier het abstract van de studie:


International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
3303

A Phase III Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial for the Efficacy and Safety of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Combined With Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy and Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer (Lump ≥4 cm)

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1641Get rights and content

Purpose/Objective(s)

The standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer was concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The effect of concurrent chemoradiotherapy was poor in locally advanced cervical cancer (lump ≥4 cm) (LACC) (lump ≥4 cm). We conduct this research in order to explore the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with concurrent radiotherapy in LACC (lump ≥4 cm).

Materials/Methods

A phase III, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at Guizhou Cancer Hospital. LACC (lump ≥4 cm) (FIGO 2018) were randomly divided into two groups, neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (NACT+CCRT) group and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) group. In NACT+CCRT group, patients were treated with paclitaxel cisplatin (TP) for 2 cycles, then they received concurrent chemoradiotherapy with TP for 2 cycles. In CCRT group, the patients were treated concurrent chemoradiotherapy with TP for 2 cycles. Tumor volume shrinkage, response rate and toxicity were the primary endpoints. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were the second endpoints.

Results

Between March 2019 and December 2020, 97 patients randomly assigned (52 patients in the NACT+CCRT group and 45 patients in the CCRT group). In the NACT+CCRT group, after NACT, of evaluable 52, 52 responded: complete response (CR) 1(1.92%) and partial response (PR) 24(46.15%), stable disease (SD) 27(51.92%) and progressive disease (PD) 0(0%). 52 patients have completed CCRT, after NACT+CCRT, of evaluable 52, 52 responded: CR17(32.69%) and PR 35(67.31%), SD 0 and PD 0. In the CCRT group, 5 patients have not completed CCRT (because of the large tumor and concurrent radiotherapy not be tolerated), of evaluable 40, 40 responded: CR 8(20.00%) and PR 32(80.00%), SD 0 and PD 0. The immediate CR rate was better in NACT+CCRT than in the CCRT (P = 0.001). Treatment completion status: in the NACT+CRT group, all the patients (100%) have completed the NACT+CCRT, there were 40 (88.89%) patients have completed treatment (P = 0.013). In the tumor shrinkage, the median tumor volume after NACT was 33.91cm3 and 79.74cm3 in the CCRT group. There was significant difference between two groups (P = 0.000). Adverse event Hematological and gastrointestinal toxicity were most common. The Acute toxicities were hematological toxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, there was no significant difference between two groups in the NACT+CCRT group versus the CCRT group (P>0.05).

Conclusion

NACT can minify the tumor volume of LACC (lump≥4cm) before CCRT and reduce the radiation dose of normal organs around the target area, thereby improved the completion rate of concurrent radiotherapy treatment. After NACT+CRT, the immediate response rate was improved significantly, especially the CR. However, there were more significant adverse events during NACT+CRT but it was well tolerated by patients. The high efficiency can be transformed into the advantage of prolonging survival or not, longer follow up and further research is needed.

Author Disclosure

F. Li: None. J. Li: None. S. Yin: None. F. Mei: None. Y. Du: None. L. Hu: None. X. Tian: None. W. Hong: None. L. Shan: None. M. Liu: None. Y. Chen: None. W. Mao: None. J. Mu: None. B. Lu: None.

 

Short-course induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy significantly improves survival of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer.

Cover Image - The Lancet, Volume 404, Issue 10462

Summary

Background

Locally advanced cervical cancer is treated with chemoradiotherapy (standard of care), but many patients still relapse and die from metastatic disease. We investigated chemoradiotherapy with or without induction chemotherapy to determine whether induction chemotherapy improves both progression-free survival and overall survival.

Methods

The INTERLACE trial was a multicentre, randomised phase 3 trial done at 32 medical centres in Brazil, India, Italy, Mexico, and the UK. Adults (aged ≥18 years) with locally advanced cervical cancer (FIGO 2008 stage IB1 disease with nodal involvement, or stage IB2, IIA, IIB, IIIB, or IVA disease) were randomly assigned (1:1), by minimisation, using a central electronic system, to standard cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy (once-a-week intravenous cisplatin 40 mg/m2 for 5 weeks with 45·0–50·4 Gy external beam radiotherapy delivered in 20–28 fractions plus brachytherapy to achieve a minimum total 2 Gy equivalent dose of 78–86 Gy) alone or induction chemotherapy (once-a-week intravenous carboplatin area under the receiver operator curve 2 and paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 for 6 weeks) followed by standard cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy. Stratification factors were recruiting site, stage, nodal status, three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy or intensity modulated radiotherapy, age, tumour size, and histology (squamous vs non-squamous). Primary endpoints were progression-free survival and overall survival within the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.govNCT01566240, and EUDRACT, 2011-001300-35.

Findings

Between Nov 8, 2012, and Nov 17, 2022, 500 eligible patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to the chemoradiotherapy alone group (n=250) or the induction chemotherapy with chemoradiotherapy group. Of 500 patients, 354 (70%) had stage IIB disease and 56 (11%) stage IIIB disease. Pelvic lymph nodes were positive in 215 (43%) patients. 230 (92%) patients who received induction chemotherapy had at least five cycles. Median interval between induction chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy was 7 days. Four or more cycles of cisplatin were given to 212 (85%) participants in the induction chemotherapy with chemoradiotherapy group and to 224 (90%) of participants in the chemoradiotherapy alone group. 462 (92%) participants received external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy with a median overall treatment time of 45 days. After a median follow-up of 67 months, 5-year progression-free survival rates were 72% in the induction chemotherapy with chemoradiotherapy group and 64% in the chemoradiotherapy alone group with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0·65 (95% CI 0·46–0·91, p=0·013). 5-year overall survival rates were 80% in the induction chemotherapy with chemoradiotherapy group and 72% in the chemoradiotherapy alone group, with an HR of 0·60 (95% CI 0·40–0·91, p=0·015). Grade 3 or greater adverse events were reported in 147 (59%) of 250 individuals in the induction chemotherapy with chemoradiotherapy group versus 120 (48%) of 250 individuals in the chemoradiotherapy alone group.

Interpretation

Short-course induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy significantly improves survival of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer.

Funding

Cancer Research UK and University College London–University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre.
Research in context
Evidence before this study
We searched PubMed for clinical trials and systematic reviews published in English between Jan 1, 2003, and March 1, 2024, that assessed induction chemotherapy in patients with cervical cancer, using the terms “cervical or cervix cancer”, “induction chemotherapy”, or “neoadjuvant chemotherapy”. Induction chemotherapy was associated with variable efficacy in locally advanced cervical cancer, which was influenced by study design. Two large trials evaluating neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery and standard chemoradiotherapy did not show improvements in survival. Many previous studies did not minimise the time interval between finishing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and definitive radiation, chemoradiotherapy, or surgery. Overall, chemotherapy regimens with shorter cycle duration and higher platinum dose intensity were associated with improved outcomes. We had conducted a single arm multicentre phase 2 trial (CXII study) which showed a high tumour response rate using neoadjuvant short-course once-a-week carboplatin and paclitaxel, and this was used to help design the INTERLACE trial.
Added value of this study
The results of INTERLACE show that a short course of chemotherapy using 6 weeks of carboplatin and paclitaxel immediately before standard chemoradiotherapy provided a clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement in both progression-free survival and overall survival in women with locally advanced cervical cancer. The drugs are cheap and widely available and therefore this approach can be readily adopted in all health-care settings. This is the first randomised phase 3 study to show a significant survival advantage with the addition of induction chemotherapy before chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer. Although chemoradiotherapy is curative treatment for about 75% of patients (80% in INTERLACE), increasing this by 7–10% (at 3–5 years) represents a clinically meaningful improvement and at a relatively low cost.
Implications of all the available evidence
Induction chemotherapy delivered according to the INTERLACE protocol should be included in clinical guidelines as an option to improve outcomes in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. This approach could be included in the design of future clinical trials of immunotherapy or other targeted drugs in the front-line setting. The study findings presented here also refute the perception that chemotherapy administered before radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy is detrimental to outcome.

Contributors

MM conceptualised the trial. MM, JAL, AH, GE, and PD developed the trial design. AH and SV did the statistical analysis. MM wrote the first draft of the manuscript with input from GE, AH, and JAL and all authors contributed to subsequent drafting of the manuscript and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the manuscript. AH, SV, MM, GE, and PD analysed the data. All authors had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. AH and SV have directly accessed and verified the underlying data reported in the manuscript.

Data sharing

Requests to access de-identified participant data can be made to ctc.interlace@ucl.ac.uk. Proposals will be reviewed by members of the INTERLACE Trial Management Group, and if accepted, a data sharing agreement will be put in place. Data would include efficacy, toxicity, and adherence variables that have formed the results in this paper.

Declaration of interests

GE reports consulting fees from MSD and Eisai; payment or honoraria from Eisai and GSK; support for attending meeting from MSD; and participation on Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for GSK, MSD, and Eisai, outside the submitted work. JAL reports grants from AstraZeneca and Merck/MSD; consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, GSK, Artios Pharma, Merck/MSD, VBL Therapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Nuvation, Immagene, Incyte, Immunogen/AbbVie, and Novocure; payment or honoraria from AstraZeneca, MSD/Merck, Clovis Oncology, and GSK; participation on Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for Mersana and SutroBio; and leadership role on the European Society for Medical Oncology's Clinical Practice Guidelines—Gynaecological Cancer—until December, 2023, past Vice President role for the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology, until 2021, and Chair for National Ovarian Cancer Audit Committee, outside the submitted work. MM reports payment or honoraria from MSD, Eisai, GSK, Roche, and Medscape; support for attending meetings or travel from Daiichi Sanko; and past role as a Chair of Cervical Cancer Research Network (until September 2021), outside the submitted work. AM reports participation on data safety monitoring board or advisory board for Cannariabio (on an ovarian cancer trial, since 2023) and executive committee member role with the Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup (since 2024), outside the submitted work. AH reports honoraria for educational activities from AbbVie, Almirall, Boehringer Ingelheim, Clovis Oncology, Ipsen, Takeda, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Merck Serono, MSD, UCB, Kyowa Kirin, Servier, Sobi, Pfizer, and Roche, outside the submitted work. All other authors declare no competing interests.

Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to all patients and their carers who participated in this trial and the staff across all recruiting centres. The trial was funded by Cancer Research UK, grant numbers C37815/A12832 and CTUQQR-Dec22/100009, with additional support from the University College London–University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre.

Supplementary Material (1)

Supplementary appendix

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