17 juli 2013: Bron: European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging. 

Bestralen van de borststreek voor kanker geeft significant groter risico op overlijden aan hart- en vaatziekten binnen 5 tot 20 jaar na radiotherapie - bestraling. Mensen die kanker hebben gehad en daarom ooit zijn bestraald, zouden elke 5 tot 10 jaar op hartziekten moeten worden gecontroleerd.  Dat bepleiten Europese en Amerikaanse cardiologen in het tijdschrift European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging.

''Hartziekten die het gevolg zijn van bestraling, komen vaker voor omdat steeds meer mensen kanker overleven. Het is een risico op lange termijn en door bestraling veroorzaakte hartziekten openbaren zich 5 tot 20 jaar na de behandeling'', zegt cardioloog Patrizio Lancellotti. Hij schat dat ca. 10 tot 30 procent van deze mensen binnen maximaal 20 jaar ernstige hartziektes kunnen ontwikkelen. Wie zo'n hartziekte veroorzaakt door bestraling krijgt heeft ca. 50% kans daaraan te overlijden, aldus de cardiologen in hun artikel.

Vooral mensen met lymfklierkanker - non-Hodgkin - ziekte van Hodgkin en met borstkanker en slokdarmkanker - zijn in het verleden vaak met hoge doses bestraald op hun borst waarbij de hartstreek vaak geheel of gedeeltelijk is meegenomen.  Volgens de cardiologen nu is daardoor de kans op overlijden door een ziekte van de hartslagader of door een verminderde bloedtoevoer van het hartspierweefsel significant toegenomen.

De laatste jaren worden bij radiotherapie - bestraling meestal lagere doses gebruikt dan eerder het geval, maar kankerpatiënten die hun kanker hebben overleefd en zijn bestraald op de borststreek lopen nog altijd een grotere kans op hartziekten, in het bijzonder als het hart in het bestraalde gebied lag. Daarom pleiten de cardiologen voor een regelmatige screening op hartziektes voor deze groep van patiënten.

Het originele artikel: Chest radiation cancer patients with risk factors should have CV screening every 5-10 years staat in het tijdschrift European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging

Het persbericht waaruit bovenstaand artikel is gecomponeerd staat hieronder:

Survivors of Hodgkin’s lymphoma and breast cancer received high doses of radiation on their chest under the old treatment regimes. Over time these patients can develop RIHD in the heart valves, myocardium, vessels including the aorta, the pericardium, and the coronary arteries. Their risk of death from coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction is increased

Source: European Society of Cardiology

Chest radiation cancer patients with risk factors should have CV screening every 5-10 years 

Radiation-induced heart disease increasing

Cancer patients who receive chest radiation should be screened for heart disease every 5-10 years, according to the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE).

Sophia Antipolis, 16 July 2013: Cancer patients who receive chest radiation should be screened for heart disease every 5-10 years, according to the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE).

Their recommendations are outlined in the first expert consensus statement on screening for radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD), published today in European Heart Journal – Cardiovascular Imaging.1

Professor Patrizio Lancellotti, chair of the expert task force and president of the EACVI, said: “The prevalence of radiation-induced heart disease is increasing because the rate of cancer survival has improved. It’s a long term risk, and RIHD manifests 5-20 years after the radiation dose.”

He added:

“Survivors of Hodgkin’s lymphoma and breast cancer received high doses of radiation on their chest under the old treatment regimes. Over time these patients can develop RIHD in the heart valves, myocardium, vessels including the aorta, the pericardium, and the coronary arteries. Their risk of death from coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction is increased.”

Professor Lancellotti continued: “Radiotherapy is now given in lower doses but patients are still at increased risk of RIHD, particularly when the heart is in the radiation field. This applies to patients treated for lymphoma, breast cancer and oesophageal cancer. Patients who receive radiotherapy for neck cancer are also at risk because lesions can develop on the carotid artery and increase the risk of stroke.”

RIHD is estimated to occur in 10-30% of patients who receive chest radiotherapy within 5-10 years post-treatment. Cardiac structural and functional changes after radiation can be detected early using echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography (CT), cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and nuclear cardiology. But screening for RIHD is not routine practice.

In the report the expert group recommends:

  • Before initiating any chest radiotherapy, patients should have screening for RIHD risk factors, a clinical examination, and a baseline echocardiographic evaluation.
  • Patients who receive chest radiation for cancers including breast cancer or lymphoma should receive cardiac screening 5 years post-treatment if they have any cardiac abnormality or are at high risk and 10 years post-treatment if not.
  • Cardiovascular screening should be repeated every 5-10 years depending on the presence of cardiac abnormalities and the level of risk.
  • All patients who had chest radiation for cancer in the past should receive a cardiac examination starting with echocardiography.

Patients are at high risk of RIHD if they have radiation for left-sided breast cancer, have a high dose of radiation (often used in young people), the irradiated area is not shielded, have a high dose of anthracyclines (chemotherapy), or have cardiovascular risk factors including smoking, obesity and inactivity.

Professor Lancellotti said:

“We wrote the expert consensus to raise the alarm that the risks of radiation-induced heart disease should not be ignored,” said Professor Lancellotti. Cardiovascular screening is needed before and after radiation therapy to detect RIHD early, follow up patients at appropriate intervals, and define the optimal timing for any kind of intervention.”

He added: “Echocardiography is the first line of imaging assessment but in some patients we need other examinations including stress imaging, CT and CMR. For instance we can precisely assess the presence of myocardial fibrosis using CMR and more accurately assess cardiac calcification using CT.”

Professor Lancellotti concluded:

“A registry of RIHD is needed in Europe to determine the true prevalence of the disease and collect outcome data,” he said.. “This together with screening should reduce the risk of patients developing RIHD and enable us to treat it early when it does occur.”

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