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9 november 2026: Bron: the Lancet
Het verband tussen lichamelijke activiteit en het risico op dementie en de ziekte van Alzheimer en vasculaire dementie varieert per plaats waar de lichamelijke activiteit plaatsvindt. Bijv. er zit verschil in of de lichamelijke activiteit wordt gedaan in de vrije tijd, op het werk, in het huishouden of tijdens het woon-werkverkeer.
Lichamelijke activiteit in de vrije tijd en in de huishoudelijke sfeer hingen samen met een lager risico op dementie en de ziekte van Alzheimer. Daarentegen hingen lichamelijke activiteiten in werksituaties en tijdens het woon-werkverkeer samen met een verhoogd risico. Al was de bewijslast voor de laatste conclusie erg klein.
Zo blijkt uit de resultaten van de PROSPERO studie over de afgelopen tientallen jaren met een studie follow-up van tien jaar verdeeld over totaal 74 studies onder 4.227.297 deelnemers (2.230.046 vrouwen en 1.997.251 mannen; mediane leeftijd 67,3 jaar. 40 studies (54%) waren van matige of hoge kwaliteit en 69 studies (93%) werden uitgevoerd in landen met een hoog inkomen.
Het verband tussen lichamelijke activiteit en het risico op dementie en de ziekte van Alzheimer kan dus afhankelijk zijn van de plaats waar je je bevindt. Strategieën voor de volksgezondheid gericht op de preventie van dementie en de ziekte van Alzheimer zouden aandacht moeten besteden aan gelijke toegang tot veilige ruimtes om te bewegen, voldoende vrije tijd en maatregelen in werkomgevingen om risico's te beperken. Aldus de onderzoekers.
Het studieverslag is gratis in te zien of te downloaden. Klik daarvoor op de titel van het abstract:
Domain-specific physical activity levels and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Natan Feter, PhDa,b,e,g Send email to feter@usc.edu ∙ Paula Iso-Markku, PhDc,d ∙ Tiladia Markarian, BSca ∙ Dylan M Luonga ∙ Jack Gunninka ∙ Natália Schröder, MScb,e ∙ et al. Show more
Affiliations & Notes
aHuman and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
bCenter of Research on Physical Activity, Health, and Technology, School of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
cInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
dClinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
eSchool of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
fCenter for Evidence Synthesis in Health, School of Public Health, Brown university, Providence, RI, USA
gInstituto de Cardiologia, Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
hDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
iDepartment of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
jDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
kBIO5 Institute, Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute, Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
lArizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
mClinical Research Center, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
nDepartment of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
oSchool of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
pDepartment of Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Article Info
Publication History:
Published September 2026
DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(26)00142-8 External LinkAlso available on ScienceDirect External Link
Copyright: © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Summary
Background
Associations between physical activity and distinct health outcomes vary by domain (eg, leisure-time, occupational, household, or commuting); however, comparable evidence on dementia risk remains scarce. We aimed to examine the associations between domain-specific physical activity and risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia.
Methods
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we systematically searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science for cohort and case–control studies published between Jan 1, 2021, and May 2, 2026. We also included studies from a previous systematic review (from database inception to Oct 21, 2021) with the same search strategy and eligibility criteria. Eligible studies included adults aged 20 years or older with cognitive function assessed at baseline, physical activity measures, and at least 1 year of follow-up. Studies were appraised with the Rayyan web-based platform and summary data (relative risk and 95% CI) were extracted by up to six independent reviewers. Outcomes were all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia, analysed by multilevel random-effects meta-analyses. Study quality was assessed with an adapted scale. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251010899).
Findings
Among 6270 identified records, 17 studies were eligible for inclusion. Combined with 57 studies in the previous systematic review, we included 74 studies totalling 4 227 297 participants (2 230 046 [52·8%] female and 1 997 251 [47·2%] male; median age 67·3 years [IQR 56·5–74·1]). 40 (54%) studies were of moderate or high quality and 69 (93%) were conducted in high-income countries. Over a median follow-up of 10·0 years (IQR 5·1–21·3), high physical activity levels were associated with reduced risks of all-cause dementia (n=146 effect sizes; RR 0·80 [95% CI 0·75–0·86]; I2=97·4%), Alzheimer's disease (n=59; 0·79 [0·70–0·90]; I2=91·3%), and vascular dementia (n=21; 0·71 [0·58–0·87]; I2=77·5%); however, associations varied by domain. Leisure-time (k=20 studies; n=33 effect sizes; RR 0·76 [95% CI 0·65–0·88]; I2=96·6%) and household (k=1; 0·85 [0·74–0·98]) physical activity were associated with a reduced risk of all-cause dementia. By contrast, occupational (k=5; 1·20 [1·01–1·42]; I2=85·6%) and commuting (k=2; 1·10 [1·03–1·18]; I2=0·0%) physical activity were associated with an increased risk. Dose–response meta-analyses showed non-linear inverse associations for leisure-time and occupational activity. Certainty of evidence ranged from very low to low across domains.
Interpretation
The association between physical activity and dementia risk might be domain-specific. Public health strategies for the prevention of dementia should address equitable access to safe spaces for exercise, adequate leisure time, and mitigation strategies in occupational settings.
Research in context
Evidence before this study
In a previous systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science from database inception to Oct 26, 2021, for prospective observational studies using keywords related to physical activity (eg, physical activity, sport, walking, running, athletics, and physical training), dementia outcomes (eg, dementia and Alzheimer's disease), and study design (eg, prospective, longitudinal, follow-up, observational, and cohort). Eligible studies assessed the associations between physical activity and all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, or vascular dementia. In the study, physical activity was associated with reduced risk of dementia across 58 studies (16% classified as high quality) and 257 983 individuals. However, this evidence came primarily from studies investigating the correlation between total or leisure-time physical activity and dementia. For much of the world's population, physical activity is performed in other domains, such as commuting, occupational, and household activities, where the association with dementia risk remains unclear.
Added value of this study
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we quantitatively synthesised data from 74 cohort and case–control studies comprising around 4 million individuals in 30 countries. Our findings show that the association between physical activity and dementia risk is not uniform across activity contexts, highlighting the importance of considering where and how physical activity is accumulated rather than relying on total physical activity alone. These findings help to explain inconsistencies in the existing literature and provide an evidence base to inform future epidemiological research and public health recommendations. Furthermore, we identified substantial geographical gaps in the evidence, particularly in regions projected to experience the greatest increases in dementia burden by 2050, underscoring priorities for future research.
Implications of all the available evidence
The association between physical activity and dementia risk might be domain-specific. Therefore, public health strategies might benefit from considering the context of physical activity, given that the potential protective associations were most consistent for leisure-time physical activities. By contrast, occupational physical activity might be associated with an increased risk of dementia. This deleterious association might reflect not only physical demands, but also socioeconomic disadvantage, psychosocial stress, and hazardous environmental exposures that frequently accompany physically demanding occupations. Given the projected uneven rise in dementia incidence worldwide over the next 25 years, future researchers should focus on how the context of physical activity influences brain health across various societies to provide refined estimates of the true burden of dementia attributable to physical inactivity.
Furthermore, although the global distribution of dementia is highly uneven, projections indicate that existing geographical disparities will widen substantially in the coming decades.1 A comprehensive synthesis of the existing literature is necessary to clarify the role of domain-specific physical activity in dementia prevention worldwide. We aimed to examine the associations between domain-specific physical activity and risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia. Additionally, we visually compared the geographical distribution of studies examining the association between physical activity and dementia and the projected worldwide burden of dementia.
Contributors
NF wrote and reviewed the first draft, and conducted the statistical analysis. PCH, AJR, and DAR supervised the study. NF and DAR have accessed and verified the underlying data and statistical analysis. DU, AJR, and DAR acquired the funding. All authors critically reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.
Funding
US National Institutes of Health, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul; the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development; and Department of Science and Technology of Secretariat of Science, Technology, Innovation and Health Complex of Ministry of Health of Brazil.
Data sharing
Data, analysis codes, outputs, and associated study materials can be found at https://osf.io/takhb/overview?view_only=03434437735e4aee96983d6731a62d08.
Declaration of interests
PI-M has received funding from the Orion Research Foundation and the Biomedicum Helsinki Foundation. All other authors declare no competing interests.
Acknowledgments
AJR is supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brazil (grant number 307147/2022-3). NS and NF are supported by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, Brazil. JF is supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. This research was supported by grants from the US National Institutes of Health (P30AG072980, P30AG019610, R56AG067200, R01AG064587, and R01AG072445), as well as funding from the state of Arizona, the Arizona Department of Health Services, and the McKnight Brain Research Foundation. This study was also financed in part by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (25/2551-0002834-5) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development and Department of Science and Technology of Secretariat of Science, Technology, Innovation and Health Complex of Ministry of Health of Brazil (445538/2023-6). During the preparation of this work, the authors used Grammarly in order to check for grammatical errors. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
Supplementary Material (1)
Supplementary appendix
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