Zie ook literatuurlijst niet-toxische middelen en behandelingen specifiek bij vormen van leukemie van arts-bioloog drs. Engelbert Valstar

Zie ook dit artikel: https://kanker-actueel.nl/NL/venetoclax-een-kleine-molecuulremmer-uit-de-bcl-2-groep-geeft-veelbelovende-resultaten-bij-vergevorderde-zwaar-voorbehandelde-multiple-myeloma-kahler.html

1 juni 2022: Bron: The Lancet online Published:May 02, 2022 Per 1 juni 2022 in papieren versie

Uit een fase 2-studie uitgevoerd in drie openbare ziekenhuizen in China blijkt dat Venetoclax (merknaam Venclexta) aanvullend gegeven op een chemokuur met Daunorubicine en Cytarabine als eerstelijnsbehandeling voor volwassenen met AML - Acute Myeloide Leukemie bijzonder goede resultaten geeft op 1-jaars meting. 

Uit het abstract vertaald:

  • Een complete remissie na één cyclus van het DAV-regime was 91% (95% BI 76-98; 30 van 33 patiënten) gemeten over de hele studiegroep. 29 (97%) van de 30 patiënten die een volledige remissie bereikten, hadden een niet-detecteerbare, meetbare restziekte (dwz <0,1%).
  • Graad 3 of nog ernstigere bijwerkingen waren neutropenie bij 33 (100%) van de 33 patiënten, trombocytopenie bij 33 (100%), anemie - bloedarmoede bij 33 (100%), febriele neutropenie bij 18 (55%), pneumonie - longontsteking bij zeven (21%) , en sepsis in vier (12%).
  • Er deden zich geen aan de behandeling gerelateerde sterfgevallen voor.
  • Met een mediane follow-up van 11 maanden (IQR 9–12), was de geschatte totale overleving na 1 jaar 97% (95% BI 91–100) en was de 1 jaar ziektevrije overleving 72% (56–94).

Deze studie, gepubliceerd in The Lancet 2 mei 2022  bewijst volgens de onderzoekers dat venetoclax voor patiënten met acute myeloïde leukemie (AML) een nieuwe behandelingsoptie kan zijn. Ook kan venetoclax een belangrijke rol spelen bij het verbeteren van de werkzaamheid van intensieve chemotherapie bij daarvoor in aanmerking komende patiënten. 

Hier een grafiek over de bijwerkingen:



Hier het abstract zoals dat is gepubliceerd is in The Lancet. Voor het volledige studierapport moet worden betaald: 

ARTICLES| VOLUME 9, ISSUE 6E415-E424, JUNE 01, 2022

Venetoclax plus 3 + 7 daunorubicin and cytarabine chemotherapy as first-line treatment for adults with acute myeloid leukaemia: a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial


Summary

Background

Adults with acute myeloid leukaemia have unsatisfactory clinical outcomes and rates of complete remission. Venetoclax combined with azacytidine or low-dose cytarabine has shown efficacy in adults aged 75 years or older (or 18–74 years with comorbidities precluding intensive chemotherapy) with acute myeloid leukaemia. We aimed to investigate the activity and safety of venetoclax plus 3+7 daunorubicin and cytarabine chemotherapy in adults with acute myeloid leukaemia.

Methods

We conducted a two-stage, single-arm, phase 2 trial at three public hospitals in China. We enrolled patients aged 18–60 years with previously untreated de novo acute myeloid leukaemia and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–2. Patients received induction treatment with intravenous daunorubicin (60 mg/m2 on days 1–3), intravenous cytarabine (100 mg/m2 on days 1–7), and oral venetoclax (100 mg on day 4, 200 mg on day 5, and 400 mg on days 6–11; DAV regimen). For induction therapy, the length of the treatment was 28–35 days per cycle and the number of treatment cycles was one or two. The primary endpoint was the composite complete remission rate (complete remission plus complete remission with incomplete blood cell count recovery) after one cycle of induction treatment, assessed in the as-treated population. Secondary endpoints were bone marrow measurable residual disease by flow cytometry, event-free survival, overall survival, and adverse events. This trial is ongoing and is registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000041509.

Findings

Between Dec 25, 2020, and July 7, 2021, 36 patients were assessed for eligibility and 33 were enrolled. 15 (45%) patients were men and 18 (55%) were women, and all were Asian. The composite complete remission rate after one cycle of DAV regimen was 91% (95% CI 76–98; 30 of 33 patients) in the entire cohort. 29 (97%) of 30 patients who reached complete remission had undetectable measurable residual disease (ie, <0·1%). Grade 3 or worse adverse events included neutropenia in 33 (100%) of 33 patients, thrombocytopenia in 33 (100%), anaemia in 33 (100%), febrile neutropenia in 18 (55%), pneumonia in seven (21%), and sepsis in four (12%). No treatment-related deaths occurred. With a median follow-up of 11 months (IQR 9–12), estimated 1-year overall survival was 97% (95% CI 91–100) and 1-year event-free survival was 72% (56–94).

Interpretation

The DAV regimen represents an effective induction therapy for newly diagnosed adults with acute myeloid leukaemia, which resulted in a high rate of complete remission. These findings are an important contribution to the field, showing a safe strategy to incorporate venetoclax into the most common induction regimen used to treat newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia internationally.

Funding

Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang.

Translation

For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

References

  1. 1.
    • Yates JW 
    • Wallace Jr, HJ 
    • Ellison RR 
    • Holland JF
    Cytosine arabinoside (NSC-63878) and daunorubicin (NSC-83142) therapy in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.
    Cancer Chemother Rep. 1973; 57485-488
  2. 2.
    • Fernandez HF 
    • Sun Z 
    • Yao X 
    • et al.
    Anthracycline dose intensification in acute myeloid leukemia.
    N Engl J Med. 2009; 3611249-1259
  3. 3.
    • Burnett AK 
    • Russell NH 
    • Hills RK 
    • et al.
    Optimization of chemotherapy for younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia: results of the medical research council AML15 trial.
    J Clin Oncol. 2013; 313360-3368
  4. 4.
    • Devillier R 
    • Bertoli S 
    • Prébet T 
    • et al.
    Comparison of 60 or 90 mg/m(2) of daunorubicin in induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia with intermediate or unfavorable cytogenetics.
    Am J Hematol. 2015; 90e29-e30
  5. 5.
    • Lee JH 
    • Kim H 
    • Joo YD 
    • et al.
    Prospective randomized comparison of idarubicin and high-dose daunorubicin in induction chemotherapy for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia.
    J Clin Oncol. 2017; 352754-2763
  6. 6.
    • DiNardo CD 
    • Pratz K 
    • Pullarkat V 
    • et al.
    Venetoclax combined with decitabine or azacitidine in treatment-naive, elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
    Blood. 2019; 1337-17
  7. 7.
    • DiNardo CD 
    • Jonas BA 
    • Pullarkat V 
    • et al.
    Azacitidine and venetoclax in previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia.
    N Engl J Med. 2020; 383617-629
  8. 8.
    • Wei AH 
    • Montesinos P 
    • Ivanov V 
    • et al.
    Venetoclax plus LDAC for newly diagnosed AML ineligible for intensive chemotherapy: a phase 3 randomized placebo-controlled trial.
    Blood. 2020; 1352137-2145
  9. 9.
    • Chua CC 
    • Roberts AW 
    • Reynolds J 
    • et al.
    Chemotherapy and venetoclax in elderly acute myeloid leukemia trial (CAVEAT): a phase Ib dose-escalation study of venetoclax combined with modified intensive chemotherapy.
    J Clin Oncol. 2020; 383506-3517
  10. 10.
    • DiNardo CD 
    • Lachowiez CA 
    • Takahashi K 
    • et al.
    Venetoclax combined with FLAG-IDA induction and consolidation in newly diagnosed and relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia.
    J Clin Oncol. 2021; 392768-2778
  11. 11.
    • Kadia TM 
    • Reville PK 
    • Borthakur G 
    • et al.
    Venetoclax plus intensive chemotherapy with cladribine, idarubicin, and cytarabine in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome: a cohort from a single-centre, single-arm, phase 2 trial.
    Lancet Haematol. 2021; 8e552-e561
  12. 12.
    • Andreeff M 
    • Jiang S 
    • Zhang X 
    • et al.
    Expression of Bcl-2-related genes in normal and AML progenitors: changes induced by chemotherapy and retinoic acid.
    Leukemia. 1999; 131881-1892
  13. 13.
    • Leukemia & Lymphoma Group
    • Chinese Society of Hematology
    • Chinese Medical Association
    [Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of adult acute myeloid leukemia (not APL) (2017)].
    Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2017; 38177-182
  14. 14.
    • Patkar N 
    • Kakirde C 
    • Shaikh AF 
    • et al.
    Clinical impact of panel-based error-corrected next generation sequencing versus flow cytometry to detect measurable residual disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
    Leukemia. 2021; 351392-1404
  15. 15.
    • Chinese Society of Immunology
    • Clinical Flow Cytometry Group
    [Expert consensus on minimal residual disease detection of acute leukemia and plasma cell neoplasms by multi-parameter flow cytometry].
    Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2017; 38 (in Chinese).1001-1011
  16. 16.
    • National Cancer Institute
    Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 5.0.
  17. 17.
    • Cheson BD 
    • Bennett JM 
    • Kopecky KJ 
    • et al.
    Revised recommendations of the International Working Group for diagnosis, standardization of response criteria, treatment outcomes, and reporting standards for therapeutic trials in acute myeloid leukemia.
    J Clin Oncol. 2003; 214642-4649
  18. 18.
    • Simon R
    Optimal two-stage designs for phase II clinical trials.
    Control Clin Trials. 1989; 101-10
  19. 19.
    • Chen X 
    • Xie H 
    • Wood BL 
    • et al.
    Relation of clinical response and minimal residual disease and their prognostic impact on outcome in acute myeloid leukemia.
    J Clin Oncol. 2015; 331258-1264
  20. 20.
    • Wang Y 
    • Wang H 
    • Wang W 
    • et al.
    Prognostic value of platelet recovery degree before and after achieving minimal residual disease negative complete remission in acute myeloid leukemia patients.
    BMC Cancer. 2020; 20732
  21. 21.
    • Jain P 
    • Kantarjian HM 
    • Ravandi F 
    • et al.
    Cladribine combined with idarubicin and ara-C (CLIA) as a frontline and salvage treatment for young patients (≤65 yrs) with acute myeloid leukemia.
    Blood. 2016; 128 (abstr).1639
  22. 22.
    • Norsworthy KJ 
    • Gao X 
    • Ko CW 
    • et al.
    Response rate, event-free survival, and overall survival in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia: US Food and Drug Administration trial-level and patient-level analyses.
    J Clin Oncol. 2022; 40847-854
  23. 23.
    • Short NJ 
    • Zhou S 
    • Fu C 
    • et al.
    Association of measurable residual disease with survival outcomes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    JAMA Oncol. 2020; 61890-1899
  24. 24.
    • Jongen-Lavrencic M 
    • Grob T 
    • Hanekamp D 
    • et al.
    Molecular minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia.
    N Engl J Med. 2018; 3781189-1199
  25. 25.
    • Pollyea DA 
    • Stevens BM 
    • Jones CL 
    • et al.
    Venetoclax with azacitidine disrupts energy metabolism and targets leukemia stem cells in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
    Nat Med. 2018; 241859-1866
  26. 26.
    • Eisfeld AK 
    • Kohlschmidt J 
    • Mims A 
    • et al.
    Additional gene mutations may refine the 2017 European LeukemiaNet classification in adult patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia aged <60 years.
    Leukemia. 2020; 343215-3227
  27. 27.
    • Ohno R 
    • Tomonaga M 
    • Kobayashi T 
    • et al.
    Effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after intensive induction therapy in relapsed or refractory acute leukemia.
    N Engl J Med. 1990; 323871-877

Linked Articles

Related Specialty Collections

This article can be found in the following collections:

Plaats een reactie ...

Reageer op "Venetoclax aanvullend op Daunorubicine en Cytarabine als eerstelijnsbehandeling voor patienten met AML - Acute Myeloide Leukemie geeft uitstekende resultaten eerste jaar."


Gerelateerde artikelen
 

Gerelateerde artikelen

All Trans Retinoïnezuur (ATRA) >> Leukemie. AML - Acute Myeloide >> Venetoclax aanvullend op Daunorubicine >> Myeloablatieve conditionering >> AML - Acute Myeloide Leukemie: >> Haplos = haplo-identieke transplantaties >> Rydapt (midostaurin) naast >> AML - acute myeloïde leukemie: >> AML - Acute Myeloide Leukemie: >> AML - Acute Myeloide Leukemie: >>