26 januari 2024: Bron: JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(1):e2352824

Uit een groot Engels bevolkingsonderzoek onder 398972 Biobank-deelnemers blijkt dat sociaal isolement - eenzaamheid een grotere risicofactor te zijn voor alle doodsoorzaken, inclusief kanker en hart- en vaatziekten, dan risicofactoren voor depressie, angst en levensstijl – waaronder alcohol, lichaamsbeweging en voeding.
Het risico voor alle doodsoorzaken voor mensen die als zwaarlijvig werden geclassificeerd lag 36% lager bij mensen die zich minder eenzaam en sociaal geïsoleerd voelden, aldus het onderzoek.

“Het is tijd om sociale en psychologische factoren te integreren in andere voedings- en levensstijlfactoren bij de ontwikkeling van interventiestrategieën voor het voorkomen van aan obesitas gerelateerde complicaties”, aldus onderzoeksleider Dr. Lu Qi. “Ons onderzoek benadrukt het belang van het rekening houden met de sociale en geestelijke gezondheid bij het verbeteren van de gezondheid van mensen met obesitas”, zegt Dr. Lu Qi.

De resultaten zijn niet verrassend, zegt dr. Philipp Scherer, hoogleraar interne geneeskunde aan de University of Texas Southwestern Medical School en Gifford O. Touchstone Jr. en Randolph G. Touchstone Distinguished Chair in Diabetes Research aan het Touchstone Diabetes Center in Dallas. Dr. Scherer was niet betrokken bij het onderzoek.
Maar de bevindingen wijzen wel op het verbeteren van “sociaal isolement als een mogelijke remedie voor het terugdringen van de sterfte”, zei hij.

Een sociaal netwerk is gezondheidsbevorderendHoewel er soms niet zo veel over wordt gesproken als over voeding of lichaamsbeweging, wordt eenzaamheid steeds meer erkend als een belangrijke risicofactor voor slechte gezondheidsresultaten. Mensen die zich sociaal geïsoleerd voelden, hadden 32% meer kans om vroegtijdig te sterven dan degenen die dat niet deden, aldus een meta analyse onderzoek uit juni 2023.

Het verband tussen eenzaamheid en slechte gezondheidsresultaten zou ook kunnen liggen in een verminderde kans dat sociaal geïsoleerde mensen medische zorg krijgen of in een verband met andere ongezonde gewoonten, zoals roken en alcoholgebruik, aldus prof. dr. Turhan Canli, hoogleraar integratieve neurowetenschappen aan de afdeling psychologie van de Stony Brook University in New York.

Het recente onderzoek is gepubliceerd in JAMA en gratis in te zien of te downloaden:
January 22, 2024

Improvement of Social Isolation and Loneliness and Excess Mortality Risk in People With Obesity

Jian Zhou, MD1,2; Rui Tang, MPH, MS1; Xuan Wang, MD, PhD1; et alXiang Li, MD, PhD1; Yoriko Heianza, RD, PhD1; Lu Qi, MD, PhD1,3
Author Affiliations Article Information
JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(1):e2352824. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.52824
Key Points

Question  Could the excess risk of mortality related to obesity be attenuated through the improvement of social isolation and loneliness?

Findings  In this cohort study of 398 972 UK Biobank participants, as the index of social isolation and loneliness went from highest to lowest, the risk of all-cause mortality decreased by 36% and 9%, respectively, in people with obesity compared with people without obesity. Social isolation ranked higher than loneliness, depression, anxiety, and lifestyle-related risk factors for estimating the risk of mortality.

Meaning  These findings support the improvement of social isolation and loneliness in people with obesity to decrease obesity-related excess risk of mortality.

Abstract

Importance  Individuals with obesity experience markedly higher levels of social isolation and loneliness than those without obesity, but little is known about whether improvement of social isolation or loneliness might attenuate obesity-related excess risk of mortality.

Objective  To investigate whether improvement of social isolation or loneliness is associated with lower obesity-related excess risk of mortality.

Design, Setting, and Participants  This cohort study included individuals without cancer or cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline from the UK Biobank with follow-up beginning in March 2006 and ending in November 2021.

Main Outcomes and Measures  All-cause, cancer-related, and CVD-related mortality were estimated.

Results  A total of 398 972 participants were included in this study (mean age, 55.85 [8.08] years; 220 469 [55.26%] women; 13 734 [3.44%] Asian, 14 179 [3.55%] multiracial, and 363 685 [91.16%] White participants). Overall, 93 357 (23.40%) had obesity, and 305 615 (76.60%) did not. During a median (IQR) follow-up of 12.73 (12.01-13.43) years, a total of 22 872 incident deaths were recorded. Compared with participants with obesity with an index of 2 or greater for social isolation, the multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.79-0.91) and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.69-0.80) for participants with obesity and a social isolation index of 1 and 0, respectively (P for trend < .001); compared with participants with obesity and an index of 2 for loneliness, the HRs and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.89-1.06) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79-0.94) for participants with obesity and a loneliness index of 1 and 0, respectively (P for trend < .001). As the index of social isolation and loneliness went from highest to lowest, the HR for all-cause mortality decreased by 36% and 9%, respectively, in people with obesity compared with people without obesity using the multivariable model. Social isolation was ranked higher than loneliness, depression, anxiety, and lifestyle-related risk factors including alcohol, physical activity, and healthy diet for estimating the risks of all-cause mortality, cancer-related mortality, and CVD-related mortality.

Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of UK Biobank participants, a lower index of social isolation or loneliness was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality among people with obesity, and improvement of social isolation and loneliness attenuated obesity-related excess risk of all-cause mortality.

Article Information

Accepted for Publication: December 1, 2023.

Published: January 22, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.52824

Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. © 2024 Zhou J et al. JAMA Network Open.

Corresponding Author: Lu Qi, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal St, Ste 1724, New Orleans, LA 70112 (lqi1@tulane.edu).

Author Contributions: Dr Qi had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

Concept and design: Zhou, Wang, Qi.

Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Zhou, Tang, Li, Heianza.

Drafting of the manuscript: Zhou, Qi.

Critical review of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.

Statistical analysis: Zhou, Tang, Wang, Qi.

Obtained funding: Zhou, Qi.

Administrative, technical, or material support: Zhou, Qi.

Supervision: Zhou, Qi.

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

Funding/Support: The study was supported by grants HL071981, HL034594, and HL126024 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; grants DK115679, DK091718, DK100383, and DK078616 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; and grant 2P20GM109036-06A1 (Sub-Project ID 7233) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences.

Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Data Sharing Statement: See Supplement 2.

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preventie, eenzaamheid, sociale contacten, risico op overlijden, zwaarlijvigheid, obesitas, sociaal isolement


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