26 juni 2022: Bron: CNN en PNAS

Sociale stress zoals discriminatie en gezinsproblemen, samen met werk- en geldproblemen, kunnen bijdragen aan vroegtijdige veroudering van het menselijke immuunsysteem, zo blijkt uit een recent onderzoek. Dat is een dubbele bedreiging, want het immuunsysteem verslechtert al min of meer automatisch met het ouder worden.

"Immuunveroudering kan leiden tot kanker, hartaandoeningen en andere leeftijdgerelateerde gezondheidsproblemen en de effectiviteit van vaccins, zoals Covid-19, verminderen, zegt hoofdauteur Eric Klopack, een postdoctoraal onderzoeker aan de Leonard Davis School of Gerontology van de University of Southern California.

"Mensen met hogere stressscores hadden een ouder ogend immuunprofiel, met lagere percentages verse ziektebestrijders en hogere percentages versleten T-cellen," aldus Klopack. T-cellen zijn enkele van de belangrijkste verdedigers van het lichaam en vervullen verschillende sleutelfuncties. "Killer" T-cellen kunnen met virus geïnfecteerde cellen en kankercellen direct elimineren en helpen bij het opruimen van zogenaamde "zombiecellen", verouderde cellen die niet langer delen maar weigeren te sterven.

Senescente cellen  zijn een probleem omdat ze een verscheidenheid aan eiwitten afgeven die de weefsels om hen heen aantasten. Van dergelijke cellen is aangetoond dat ze bijdragen aan chronische ontstekingen. Naarmate er zich meer en meer in het lichaam ophopen, bevorderen ze veroudering, zoals osteoporose, chronische obstructieve longziekte en de ziekte van Alzheimer.

Naast de ontdekking dat mensen die hogere stressniveaus rapporteerden, meer zombiecellen hadden, ontdekten Klopack en zijn team dat ze ook minder "naïeve" T-cellen hadden, de jonge, verse cellen die nodig zijn om nieuwe indringers aan te pakken.

Regression coefficients and 95% CIs from nested analyses regressing cell subset percentage/ratio on each stressor and mediators. All models control for age, race, and sex. Zie grafiek hieronder



Dit blijkt uit een Amerikaans onderzoek bij totaal 5744 mensen ouder dan 50 jaar. Het volledige studierapport is grait sin te zien. Klik op de titel van het abstract:

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Social stressors associated with age-related T lymphocyte percentages in older US adults: Evidence from the US Health and Retirement Study

Contributed by Eileen M. Crimmins; received February 15, 2022; accepted April 25, 2022; reviewed by Janice Kiecolt-Glaser and Idan Shalev.
June 13, 2022
119 (25e2202780119


Significance

As the world’s population of older adults increases, understanding disparities in age-related health is essential. Age-related changes in the immune system play a critical role in age-related morbidity and mortality. This study assesses associations between social stress and immunophenotypes as immune age phenotype markers for the first time in a national sample of older US adults. This study helps clarify mechanisms involved in accelerated development of the immune age phenotype, including socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and cytomegalovirus infection and reactivation. This study also identifies important points of intervention that may be useful in addressing inequalities in aging.

Abstract

Exposure to stress is a risk factor for poor health and accelerated aging. Immune aging, including declines in naïve and increases in terminally differentiated T cells, plays a role in immune health and tissue specific aging, and may contribute to elevated risk for poor health among those who experience high psychosocial stress. Past data have been limited in estimating the contribution of life stress to the development of accelerated immune aging and investigating mediators such as lifestyle and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. This study utilizes a national sample of 5,744 US adults over age 50 to assess the relationship of social stress (viz., everyday discrimination, stressful life events, lifetime discrimination, life trauma, and chronic stress) with flow cytometric estimates of immune aging, including naïve and terminally differentiated T cell percentages and the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells. Experiencing life trauma and chronic stress was related to a lower percentage of CD4+ naïve cells. Discrimination and chronic stress were each associated with a greater percentage of terminally differentiated CD4+ cells. Stressful life events, high lifetime discrimination, and life trauma were related to a lower percentage of CD8+ naïve cells. Stressful life events, high lifetime discrimination, and chronic stress were associated with a higher percentage of terminally differentiated CD8+ cells. High lifetime discrimination and chronic stress were related to a lower CD4+:CD8+ ratio. Lifestyle factors and CMV seropositivity partially reduced these effects. Results identify psychosocial stress as a contributor to accelerating immune aging by decreasing naïve and increasing terminally differentiated T cells.


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