19 december 2024. Bron: Journal of clinical oncology

Uit de resultaten van de gerandomiseerde placebo gecontroleerde fase III studie Aranote blijkt Darolutamide (merknaam Nubeqa) plus hormoontherapie bij patiënten met uitgezaaide gevorderde maar wel castratiegevoelige prostaatkanker betere resultaten te geven in vergelijking met historische metingen met chemotherapie met docetaxel plus hormoontherapie. 

Darolutamide (merknaam Nubeqa) in te nemen in tabletvorm verbeterde statistisch significant de radiografisch ziekte progressievrije tijd (rPFS), met vermindering van radiografische gemeten ziekteprogressie of overlijden met 46% versus placebo waarbij de mediane radiografische ziekteprogressie vrije tijd (rPFS) in de darolutamide groep nog niet was bereikt op moment van opmaken van de analyse tegenover 25.0 maanden in de placebo groep. De rPFS overleving op 2-jaars meting was 70.3 procent in de darolutamide groep en 52.1 procent in de placebo groep. (Zie Fig 2B).

Ook de overall overleving liet betere cijfers zien voor de darolutamide groep, maar waren nog niet volledig te bevestigen op moment van afsluiting van de studie. Zie onderstaande grafiek gekopieerd uit studieverslag. Tekst gaat verder onder grafiek.




Fig 2. rPFS (full analysis set). (A) Kaplan-Meier estimates and (B) subgroup analyses. The HR and 95% CI were calculated using the Cox regression model stratified by the presence of visceral metastases and prior therapy. Subgroup analyses of rPFS provide HRs and 95% CIs obtained from univariate analysis using an unstratified Cox regression model. ADT, androgen-deprivation therapy; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; HR, hazard ratio; NR, not reached; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; RoW, rest of the world; rPFS, radiological progression-free survival.

Verder uit het studierapport wat gegevens vertaald:

  • De overall overlevingscijfers (OS) op 2-jaars meting waren 79.8 procent in de darolutamide groep en 75.5% in de placebo groep. De voordelen werden gezien ondanks een groter aantal patiënten in de placebo groep (42.5 procent) dan in de darolutamide groep (32.5 [procent) die uiteindelijk levensverlengende antikanker therapie kregen, primair docetaxel (Appendix Table A2).
    Duidelijke voordelen werden ook gezien bij secondaire einddoelen. De tijd tot uitgezaaide prostaatkanker (mCRPC) (HR, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.51]) en tijd tot PSA progressie waren langer met darolutamide versus placebo (HR, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.23 to 0.41]; 
  • Duidelijke voordelen werden ook gezien bij secondaire einddoelen. De tijd tot uitgezaaide prostaatkanker (mCRPC) (HR, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.51]) en tijd tot PSA progressie waren langer met darolutamide versus placebo (HR, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.23 to 0.41]; Fig 3), en een groter aantal patiënten uit de darolutamide groep bereikte een PSA van kleiner dan <0.2 ng/mL gedurende een moment tijdens de studieduur in vergelijking met de patiënten uit de placebogroep, 62,6 procent versus 18.5 procent.
    De tijd tot het starten met systemische anti kankertherapie (HR, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.29 to 0.56]) en de tijd tot pijn progressie, een belangrijk punt voor patiënten, waren ook korter in de darolutamide groep in vergelijiing met de placebogroep, (HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.54 to 0.96]).
  • Opvallend ook is dat darolutamide beter werd verdragen met veel minder onderbrekingen van de behandeling dan in de placebogroep, 61 procent versus 9 procent.

Wat wel opvalt is dat sommige experts vraagtekens stellen bij de toediening van hormoontherapie in landen waar zover bekend geen hormoontherapie beschikbaar is om toe te dienen. Dit is de letterlijke tekst: Although the trial is clearly positive, the use of ADT monotherapy in the control arm raised many eyebrows when reported. The trial was conducted predominantly in countries where androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) were not available. Regardless, running a trial with ADT monotherapy in today's world would not be considered appropriate in most of the major prostate centers.

Het volledige studierapport is gratis in te zien met veel grafieken. Klik op de titel van het abstract:

Abstract

Purpose

For patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), delaying progression to castration-resistant disease is important not only for overall survival (OS) but also for patients' quality of life. Darolutamide plus androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) with docetaxel improved OS versus ADT and docetaxel in patients with mHSPC. The ARANOTE trial evaluated darolutamide and ADT without chemotherapy in patients with mHSPC.

Methods

In this global phase III trial, patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive darolutamide 600 mg twice daily or placebo, with concomitant ADT. The primary end point was radiological progression-free survival (rPFS).

Results

From March 2021 to August 2022, 669 patients were randomly assigned (darolutamide n = 446; placebo n = 223). At the primary cutoff date (June 7, 2024), darolutamide plus ADT significantly improved rPFS, reducing the risk of radiological progression or death by 46% versus placebo plus ADT (hazard ratio , 0.54 [95% CI, 0.41 to 0.71]; P < .0001), with consistent benefits across subgroups, including high- and low-volume disease. OS results were suggestive of benefit with darolutamide versus placebo (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.59 to 1.12]), and clinical benefits were seen across all other secondary end points, including delayed time to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (HR, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.51]) and time to pain progression (HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.54 to 0.96]). Adverse events were similar in the two groups. Notably, the incidence of fatigue was lower in patients receiving darolutamide (5.6%) versus those receiving placebo (8.1%), and fewer patients receiving darolutamide (6.1%) versus placebo (9.0%) discontinued treatment because of adverse events.

Conclusion

These results confirm the efficacy and tolerability of darolutamide plus ADT in patients with mHSPC, demonstrating clinically and statistically significant improvement in rPFS and a favorable safety profile consistent with prior phase III darolutamide trials.


Acknowledgment

The authors thank the patients and their families and all of the investigators involved in the ARANOTE trial (Appendix 1). Statistical analyses were provided by Mindy Mo, Charles Duan, and Anna Liu of Bayer. Writing and editorial support in the development of this manuscript was provided by Michelle McDermott, PharmD, and Sara Black, ISMPP CMPP, of Luna, OPEN Health Communications, and funded by Bayer HealthCare, in accordance with Good Publication Practice (GPP) guidelines (www.ismpp.org/gpp-2022).

Data Sharing Statement

Study Protocol

The following protocol information is provided solely to describe how the authors conducted the research underlying this article. The information provided may not reflect the complete protocol or any previous amendments or modifications. As described in the Information for ContributorsJCO requests only specific elements of the most recent version of the protocol. The protocol information is not intended to replace good clinical judgment in selecting appropriate therapy and in determining drug doses, schedules, and dose modifications. The treating physician or other health care provider is responsible for determining the best treatment for the patient. ASCO and JCO assume no responsibility for any injury or damage to persons or property arising out of the use of this protocol material or due to any errors or omissions. Readers seeking additional information about the protocol are encouraged to consult the corresponding author directly.

Please click the protocol link below to access the information.

Prior Presentation

Presented in part at the European Society of Medical Oncology Congress Barcelona, Spain, September 13-17, 2024.

Support

Supported by Bayer AG and Orion Pharma.

Clinical Trial Information

Data Sharing Statement

A data sharing statement provided by the authors is available with this article at DOI https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO-24-01798.

Authors' Disclosures of Potential Conflicts of Interest

Darolutamide in Combination With Androgen-Deprivation Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer From the Phase III ARANOTE Trial

The following represents disclosure information provided by authors of this manuscript. All relationships are considered compensated unless otherwise noted. Relationships are self-held unless noted. I = Immediate Family Member, Inst = My Institution. Relationships may not relate to the subject matter of this manuscript. For more information about ASCO's conflict of interest policy, please refer to www.asco.org/rwc or ascopubs.org/jco/authors/author-center.
Open Payments is a public database containing information reported by companies about payments made to US-licensed physicians (Open Payments).

Fred Saad

Honoraria: Astellas Pharma, Janssen Oncology, Sanofi, Bayer, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Myovant Sciences, Pfizer, BMS, Novartis, Advanced Accelerator Applications, Merck, Knight Therapeutics, Tolmar
Consulting or Advisory Role: Astellas Pharma, Janssen Oncology, Sanofi, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Bayer, Pfizer, Myovant Sciences, AbbVie, Novartis, Advanced Accelerator Applications, Knight Therapeutics, Tolmar
Research Funding: Astellas Pharma (Inst), Bayer (Inst), Janssen Oncology (Inst), Sanofi (Inst), AstraZeneca (Inst), Pfizer (Inst), Bristol Myers Squibb (Inst), Novartis (Inst), Advanced Accelerator Applications (Inst), Merck (Inst)

Egils Vjaters

Consulting or Advisory Role: Janssen, Bayer, Ipsen

Neal Shore

Employment: GenesisCare
Leadership: Photocure, Alessa Therapeutics
Stock and Other Ownership Interests: Alessa Therapeutics, Photocure
Consulting or Advisory Role: Bayer, Janssen Scientific Affairs, Dendreon, Tolmar, Ferring, Medivation/Astellas, Amgen, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Astellas Pharma, AbbVie, Merck, Bristol Myers Squibb/Sanofi, Exact Imaging, FerGene, InVitae, MDxHealth, Myriad Genetics, Propella Therapeutics, Genzyme, Sanofi, CG Oncology, Genesis Cancer Care, Urogen pharma, Speciality Networks, PeerView, Clarity Pharmaceuticals, Lantheus Medical Imaging, Lilly, Photocure, Telix Pharmaceuticals, AIkido Pharma, Arquer Diagnostics, Asieris Pharmaceuticals, Minomic, Novartis, PlatformQ Health, Promaxo, Protara Therapeutics, Fize Medical, Accord Research, Antev, Aura Biosciences, Bioprotect, Sumitomo Pharma Oncology
Research Funding: AbbVie, Amgen, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb/Pfizer, Boston Scientific, Clovis Oncology, Dendreon, Exact Imaging, Ferring, Foundation Medicine, InVitae, Janssen, MDxHealth, Merck, Myovant Sciences, Myriad Genetics, Nymox, Pfizer, Sanofi, Sesen Bio, Tolmar, CG Oncology, DisperSol, FORMA Therapeutics, Guardant Health, Jiangsu Yahong Meditech, Novartis, Pacific Edge, POINT Biopharma, Propella Therapeutics, SeaGen, MT Group, Theralase, Veru, Zenflow, Advantagene, Aragon Pharmaceuticals, Endocyte, Exelixis, FKD Therapies, Genentech, Istari Oncology, Medivation, OncoCellMDx, ORIC Pharmaceuticals, Palette Life Sciences, Plexxikon, RhoVac, Steba Biotech, Urogen pharma, Urotronic, US Biotest, Vaxiion
Expert Testimony: Ferring

David Olmos

Honoraria: Janssen, Bayer
Consulting or Advisory Role: Janssen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, MSD Oncology, Pfizer
Research Funding: Pfizer (Inst), Johnson & Johnson/Janssen (Inst)
Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Bayer, Janssen, AstraZeneca Spain

Andrea Juliana P. de Santana Gomes

Honoraria: Astellas Pharma, Bayer, Janssen Oncology, AstraZeneca, Adium Pharma
Consulting or Advisory Role: Janssen Oncology, Bayer
Speakers' Bureau: Janssen Oncology, Astellas Pharma, Bayer, AstraZeneca
Research Funding: Janssen Oncology, MSD Oncology, Bayer, Roche, AstraZeneca
Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Janssen Oncology

Augusto Cesar de Andrade Mota

Consulting or Advisory Role: Pfizer, Janssen Oncology, Merck, Bayer
Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Bayer

Pamela Salman

Consulting or Advisory Role: Roche/Genentech, Novartis, Lilly, Merck Serono
Speakers' Bureau: Roche/Genentech, Novartis, Lilly

Mindaugas Jievaltas

Research Funding: Janssen (Inst)
Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: IPSEN, Janssen, Recordati

Maris Jakubovskis

Employment: Riga East University Hospital, JSC Health Center Association
Leadership: Ltd Urologs
Consulting or Advisory Role: Joint stock company “Olainfarm” Registration Nr.LV40003007246

Liina Nevalaita

Employment: Orion
Patents, Royalties, Other Intellectual Property: Nevalaita L and Saarma M. United States patent “Splice variants of GDNF and uses thereof”. Patent No.: US 9,579,362 B2. Date of patent: Feb. 28, 2017. Nevalaita L and Saarma M. European patent “Splice variants of GDNF and uses thereof”. Patent No.: EP 2 551 281 B1. Validated in France, UK, Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands

Isabella Testa

Employment: Bayer
Leadership: Bayer
Research Funding: Bayer

Marie Aude Le Berre

Employment: Bayer

Iris Kuss

Employment: Bayer Germany
Stock and Other Ownership Interests: Bayer
No other potential conflicts of interest were reported.

APPENDIX 1. ARANOTE Study Investigators

Australia: Vinod Ganju; Howard Gurney; Laurence Krieger; Vineet Kwatra; Sanjeev Sewak; Amanda Stevanovic; Andrew Weickhardt; Brazil: Alan Azambuja; Flavio Mavignier Carcano; Marcio Valerio Costa; Felipe Cruz; Juliana de Menezes; Charles Andree Joseph de Padua; Adriano Augusto de Paula; Carlos Eugenio Santiago Escovar; Fabio Leite Couto Fernandez; Otavio Gampel; Andrea Juliana P. de Santana Gomes; Murilo Luz; Gisele Marinho dos Santos; Augusto Cesar de Andrade Mota; Lucas Nogueira; Daniel D'Almeida Preto; Alexandre Sant’Anna; Katsuki Aruma Tiscoski; Canada: Jonathan Giddens; Godfrey Jansz; Julian Kim; Paul Quellette; Fred Saad; George Vrabec; Chile: Alejandro Acevedo Gaete; Christian Caglevic Medina; Javier Dominguez Cruzat; Marcelo Garrido Salvo; Pedro Octavio Pastor Arroyo; Anibal Salazar Huerta; Pamela Salman Boghikian; Yasna Daniela Valenzuela Velasquez; Ariel Zwenger; China: Cheng Fu; Hongqian Guo; Weiqing Han; Haowen Jiang; Junhui Jiang; Shusuan Jiang; Lei Li; Tongzu Liu; Zhenhua Liu; Lulin Ma; Jun Qi; Mingxing Qiu; Guowei Shi; Ye Tian; Ben Wan; Chun-Xi Wang; Dongwen Wang; Shaogang Wang; Xiaolin Wang; Shaozhong Wei; Jitao Wu; Jun Xiao; Keji Xie; Liping Xie; Nianzeng Xing; Boxin Xue; Zejun Yan; Yong Yang; Zhixian Yu; Dahong Zhang; Song Zheng; Fangjian Zhou; India: Suresh Advani; Pawan Agarwal; Niraj Bhatt; Dubashi Biswajit; Ghanashyam Biswas; Shailesh A. Bondarde; Chandan Das; SarojKumar Das Majumdar; Sujoy Gupta; Kunhi Parambath Haresh; Francis James; Pamela Jeyaraj; Amit Joshi; Suman Kalyan; Bhalchandra Kashyapi; Ashish Kaushal; Raghunath Krishnappa; Ravimohan Mavuduru; Rajanish Nagarkar; Harsha Panchal; Gourav Parkash; Ashwin Philips; Ginil Kumar Pooleri; Vikram Prabha; Krishna Kumar Rathnam; Naveen Ravel; Sudhir Rawal; Boya Rakesh Reddy; Manasi Shah; Praveena Voonna; Latvia: Andrejs Aleksandrovs; Maris Jakubovskis; Alvis Laukmanis; Vilnis Lietuvietis; Mareks Vejins; Egils Vjaters; Lithuania: Mindaugas Jievaltas; Albertas Ulys; Raimundas Venckus; Arunas Zelvys; New Zealand: Kevin Bax; Peter Gilling; Michael Holmes; Alvin Tan; Peru: Carlos Manuel Morante Deza; Alberto Juan Pazos Franco; Jorge Fernando Salas Sanchez; Alejandro Figueroa Torrejon; Russian Federation: Timur Andabekov; Vagif Atduev; Yana Chapko; Natalya Fadeeva; Alexander Filippov; Rustem Gafanov; Oleg Gladkov; Boris Kasparov; Denis Kholtobin; Evgeny Kopyltsov; Alexander Lykov; Marina Nechaeva; Alexey Plekhanov; Sufia Safina; Andrey Semenov; Mikhail Shkolnik; Pavel Skopin; Roman Smirnov; Ekaterina Solovyeva; Alexander Sultanbaev; Mikhail Zavyalov; Alexandr Zyryanov; South Africa: Khabane Chabane; Corlia Coetzee; Conrad Jacobs; Thamsanqa Madlala; Jorn Malan; Sophie Mathijs; Spain: Carlos Llorente Abarca; Daniel Ernesto Castellano Gauna; Jose Luis Alvarez-Ossorio Fernandez; Enrique Gallardo Diaz; Pablo Borrega Garcia; Bernardo Herrera Imbroda; Rafael Antonio Medina Lopez; Josep Maria Gaya Sopena; Taiwan: Hsiao-Jen Chung; Shu-Pin Huang; Yuh-Shya Tsai; Pai-Fu Wang; Shian-Shiang Wang; Ukraine: Igor Bondarenko; Yurii Golovko; Petro Ivashchenko; Viktor Paramonov.

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