2 augustus 2025: Bron: Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology d.d. juni 2025

Wie dagelijks 300 gram of meer ultrabewerkt voedsel eet en drinkt vergroot daarmee het risico op het krijgen van diabetes-type 2. Zo blijkt uit een meta-analyse van 12 prospectieve studies met totaal 714,199 volwassenen in Amerika. De onderzoekers vonden dat de mensen met het hoogste gebruik van ultrabewerkt voedsel 48 procent meer risico op het krijgen van diabetes-type 2 hadden in vergelijking met de mensen die het minste ultrabewerkt voedsel dagelijks gebruikten. En dat blijkt onafhankelijk te zijn van hoeveel mensen aten of wat ze aten of hoe zwaar mensen waren (BMI - Body Mass Index). 

Het gaat dus niet alleen om hoeveel je eet, maar vooral om wat je eet. En dit gaat op voor zowel westerse als niet-westerse bevolkingsgroepen, hoewel het risico in Europa en Noord-Amerika hoger bleek.
Bewerkt vlees en zoete dranken blijken de grootste boosdoeners. Toen de onderzoekers naar specifieke categorieën ultrabewerkt voedsel keken, ontdekten ze dat bewerkt vlees zoals plakjes vleeswaren en worstjes het risico op diabetes het meest verhoogden, met 34%. Suikerhoudende dranken hadden ook een opmerkelijk effect en verhoogden het risico met ongeveer 5% voor elke extra portie.
Het risico neemt toe vanaf 300 gram per dag. Het risico neemt toe met elke 100 gram extra inname van ultrabewerkt voedsel. 300 gram is ongeveer het gewicht van één typische fastfoodmaaltijd.
De onderzoeksgegevens tonen aan dat elke 100 gram boven de 300 gram het risico op diabetes met 5% verhoogde en hoe hoger je komt, hoe agressiever het risico toeneemt.

In het studieverslag staat ook deze grafiek van de studieresultaten

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Het volledige studieverslag is gratis in te zien of te downloaden, hier het abstract van de studie:
Original Article
Metabolic Risk/EpidemiologyUltra-Processed Food Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
Yujin Kim1orcid, Yoonkyoung Cho1,2, Jin Eui Kim1, Dong Hoon Lee3,4, Hannah Oh1,5orcidcorresp_icon
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0706
Published online: June 9, 2025
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  • Background Although some studies suggest a positive association between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), little is known about the exact shape and risks associated with different units (percentage of g/day, absolute g/day, serving/day) of UPF intake and whether the association is independent of diet quality, total energy intake, and body mass index (BMI).
  • Methods Prospective studies published through January 2024 were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using random-effects models. A nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis was conducted using restricted cubic spline analysis.
  • Results After screening 569 publications, a total of 12 prospective cohort studies were included. Comparing the highest vs. lowest categories of intake, summary RR for T2DM risk was 1.48 (95% CI, 1.36 to 1.61). Higher summary RRs were observed among studies from Europe and North America. Among individual UPF subgroups, processed meats (summary RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.54) were positively associated, whereas ultra-processed cereals and breads (0.98; 95% CI, 0.97 to 0.99) and packaged savory snacks (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88 to 0.95) were inversely associated. The summary RRs associated with every 10% (of g/day), 100-g/day, and 1-serving/day increase in UPF intake were 1.14 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.17), 1.05 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.06), and 1.04 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.05), respectively. The dose-response curve for absolute g/d intake suggested nonlinearity, showing a steeper risk increase approximately at >300 g/day. The associations persisted after adjustment for diet quality, energy intake, or BMI.
  • Conclusion Our data suggest that UPF intake increases diabetes risk, with a potential threshold effect at 300 g/day.
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• Ultra-processed food intake is associated with an increased type 2 diabetes risk.• The association was independent of diet quality, total energy intake, and BMI.• A threshold effect was observed at intake exceeding 300 g/day.• Among subgroups, processed meat intake increases diabetes risk.• Ultra-processed cereals or breads and savory snacks are inversely associated.

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CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Conception or design: H.O.

Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: all authors.

Drafting the work or revising: all authors.

Final approval of the manuscript: all authors.

FUNDING

This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea grants (RS-2025-00563263; H.O., Y.K.; NRF-2023S1A5 C2A03095169; H.O.) and Korea University grant (K2402691; H.O.). The study funder was not involved in the design of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing the report; and did not impose any restrictions regarding the publication of the report.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

None

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      Table 1.

      Table 2.

      Kim Y, Cho Y, Kim JE, Lee DH, Oh H. Ultra-Processed Food Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Diabetes Metab J. 2025 Jun 9. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2024.0706. Epub ahead of print.
      Received: Nov 09, 2024; Accepted: Dec 20, 2024
      DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0706.

      preventie, ultrabewerkt voedsel, diabetes type-2, meta-analyse, 12 prospectieve studies, BMI, zwaarlijvigheid, obese


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