23 november 2021: En lees ook dit artikel: https://artsencollectief.nl/rivm-rapporteert-opnieuw-een-lagere-vaccineffectiviteit/

12 november 2021: zie ook dit artikel: https://kanker-actueel.nl/natuurlijke-immuniteit-lijkt-de-enige-manier-om-coronapandemie-te-controleren-zweeds-onderzoek-ziet-effectiviteit-van-vaccins-binnen-6-en-9-maanden-teruglopen-tot-nagenoeg-geen-bescherming-meer.html

10 november 2021: Bron: Science

Uit wetenschappelijke onderzoeken blijkt dat de vaccins er na verloop van tijd minder in slagen besmettingen te voorkomen. De effectiviteit van het Janssen-vaccin was na een half jaar nog maar 13 procent. Het vaccin van Moderna 42 procent en het Vaccin van Pfizer/biontech 57 procent na half jaar. Bovendien bleek dat het virus nagenoeg door zowel gevaccineerden als ongevaccineerden werd doorgegeven. Vooral ouderen werden getroffen door ernstige ziekte en overlijden. Al blijft de kans op overlijden en ernstig ziek worden veel minder onder gevaccineerden dan onder ongevaccineerden. Dat blijkt uit groot Amerikaans onderzoek onder 800.000 veteranen. 

En uit onderzoek van Sanquin blijkt dat mensen tussen 61 en 65 jaar oud veel minder antistoffen hebben dan jongeren van 18 tot 25 jaar. Maar ook mensen van 71 tot 75 jaar zien hun antistoffen teruglopen gedurende de tijd na de tweede vaccinatie. Zie hier wat woordvoerder van Saquin vertelde in OPT1: Zestigers die AstraZeneca kregen hebben stuk minder antistoffen in bloed

De studie bij de 800.000 veteranen staat in Science: 

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protection and deaths among US veterans during 2021

Abstract

We report SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness against infection (VE-I) and death (VE-D) by vaccine type (n = 780,225) in the Veterans Health Administration, covering 2.7% of the U.S. population. From February to October 2021, VE-I declined from 87.9% to 48.1%, and the decline was greatest for the Janssen vaccine resulting in a VE-I of 13.1%. Although breakthrough infection increased risk of death, vaccination remained protective against death in persons who became infected during the Delta surge. From July to October 2021, VE-D for age 65 years was 73.0% for Janssen, 81.5% for Moderna, and 84.3% for Pfizer-BioNTech; VE-D for age ≥65 years was 52.2% for Janssen, 75.5% for Moderna, and 70.1% for Pfizer-BioNTech. Findings support continued efforts to increase vaccination, booster campaigns, and multiple, additional layers of protection against infection.

For the period February 1, 2021 to October 1, 2021, vaccine effectiveness against infection (VE-I) declined over time (P < 0.01 for time dependence, Table 1), even after adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidity. VE-I declined for all vaccine types (Fig. 1), with the largest declines for Janssen followed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna. Specifically, in March, VE-I was 86.4% (95% CI: 85.2% to 87.6%) for Janssen; 89.2% (95% CI: 88.8% to 89.6%) for Moderna; and 86.9% (95% CI: 86.5% to 87.3%) for Pfizer-BioNTech. By September, VE-I had declined to 13.1% (95% CI: 9.2% to 16.8%) for Janssen; 58.0% (95% CI: 56.9% to 59.1%) for Moderna; and 43.3% (95% CI: 41.9% to 44.6%) for Pfizer-BioNTech.



References and Notes

1
T. Pilishvili, K. E. Fleming-Dutra, J. L. Farrar, R. Gierke, N. M. Mohr, D. A. Talan, A. Krishnadasan, K. K. Harland, H. A. Smithline, P. C. Hou, L. C. Lee, S. C. Lim, G. J. Moran, E. Krebs, M. Steele, D. G. Beiser, B. Faine, J. P. Haran, U. Nandi, W. A. Schrading, B. Chinnock, D. J. Henning, F. LoVecchio, J. Nadle, D. Barter, M. Brackney, A. Britton, K. Marceaux-Galli, S. Lim, E. C. Phipps, G. Dumyati, R. Pierce, T. M. Markus, D. J. Anderson, A. K. Debes, M. Lin, J. Mayer, H. M. Babcock, N. Safdar, M. Fischer, R. Singleton, N. Chea, S. S. Magill, J. Verani, S. Schrag, A. Yousaf, Y. Chung, J. Onukwube, W. Xing, B. Clinansmith, L. Uribe, K. E. Poronsky, D. M. Hashimoto, M. Bahamon, M. St. Romain, E. Kean, A. Stubbs, S. Roy, G. Volturo, J. Galbraith, J. C. Crosby, M. R. Fuentes, M. Mulrow, J. Lee, H. Johnston, A. J. Hansen, S. K. Fridkin, L. E. Wilson, S. Lovett, M. Christian, C. Myers, V. L. S. Ocampo, K. Talbot, J. Seidelman, A. M. Milstone, M. Hayden, M. Samore, J. H. Kwon, D. Shirley, D. Dillard, J. Dobson; Vaccine Effectiveness Among Healthcare Personnel Study Team, Interim Estimates of Vaccine Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 Vaccines Among Health Care Personnel - 33 U.S. Sites, January-March 2021. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 70, 753–758 (2021).
2
A. Christie, S. J. Henley, L. Mattocks, R. Fernando, A. Lansky, F. B. Ahmad, J. Adjemian, R. N. Anderson, A. M. Binder, K. Carey, D. L. Dee, T. Dias, W. M. Duck, D. M. Gaughan, B. C. Lyons, A. D. McNaghten, M. M. Park, H. Reses, L. Rodgers, K. Van Santen, D. Walker, M. J. Beach, Decreases in COVID-19 Cases, Emergency Department Visits, Hospital Admissions, and Deaths Among Older Adults Following the Introduction of COVID-19 Vaccine - United States, September 6, 2020-May 1, 2021. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 70, 858–864 (2021).
3
M. G. Thompson, J. L. Burgess, A. L. Naleway, H. L. Tyner, S. K. Yoon, J. Meece, L. E. W. Olsho, A. J. Caban-Martinez, A. Fowlkes, K. Lutrick, J. L. Kuntz, K. Dunnigan, M. J. Odean, K. T. Hegmann, E. Stefanski, L. J. Edwards, N. Schaefer-Solle, L. Grant, K. Ellingson, H. C. Groom, T. Zunie, M. S. Thiese, L. Ivacic, M. G. Wesley, J. M. Lamberte, X. Sun, M. E. Smith, A. L. Phillips, K. D. Groover, Y. M. Yoo, J. Gerald, R. T. Brown, M. K. Herring, G. Joseph, S. Beitel, T. C. Morrill, J. Mak, P. Rivers, K. M. Harris, D. R. Hunt, M. L. Arvay, P. Kutty, A. M. Fry, M. Gaglani, Interim Estimates of Vaccine Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Health Care Personnel, First Responders, and Other Essential and Frontline Workers - Eight U.S. Locations, December 2020-March 2021. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 70, 495–500 (2021).
4
C. M. Brown, J. Vostok, H. Johnson, M. Burns, R. Gharpure, S. Sami, R. T. Sabo, N. Hall, A. Foreman, P. L. Schubert, G. R. Gallagher, T. Fink, L. C. Madoff, S. B. Gabriel, B. MacInnis, D. J. Park, K. J. Siddle, V. Harik, D. Arvidson, T. Brock-Fisher, M. Dunn, A. Kearns, A. S. Laney, Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Infections, Including COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections, Associated with Large Public Gatherings - Barnstable County, Massachusetts, July 2021. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 70, 1059–1062 (2021).
5
R. Herlihy, W. Bamberg, A. Burakoff, N. Alden, R. Severson, E. Bush, B. Kawasaki, B. Berger, E. Austin, M. Shea, E. Gabrieloff, S. Matzinger, A. Burdorf, J. Nichols, K. Goode, A. Cilwick, C. Stacy, E. Staples, G. Stringer, Rapid Increase in Circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant - Mesa County, Colorado, April-June 2021. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 70, 1084–1087 (2021).
6
S. J. Thomas, E. D. Moreira Jr., N. Kitchin, J. Absalon, A. Gurtman, S. Lockhart, J. L. Perez, G. Pérez Marc, F. P. Polack, C. Zerbini, R. Bailey, K. A. Swanson, X. Xu, S. Roychoudhury, K. Koury, S. Bouguermouh, W. V. Kalina, D. Cooper, R. W. Frenck Jr., L. L. Hammitt, Ö. Türeci, H. Nell, A. Schaefer, S. Ünal, Q. Yang, P. Liberator, D. B. Tresnan, S. Mather, P. R. Dormitzer, U. Şahin, W. C. Gruber, K. U. Jansen; C4591001 Clinical Trial Group, Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine through 6 Months. N. Engl. J. Med. 10.1056/NEJMoa2110345 (2021).
7
N. Doria-Rose, M. S. Suthar, M. Makowski, S. O’Connell, A. B. McDermott, B. Flach, J. E. Ledgerwood, J. R. Mascola, B. S. Graham, B. C. Lin, S. O’Dell, S. D. Schmidt, A. T. Widge, V.-V. Edara, E. J. Anderson, L. Lai, K. Floyd, N. G. Rouphael, V. Zarnitsyna, P. C. Roberts, M. Makhene, W. Buchanan, C. J. Luke, J. H. Beigel, L. A. Jackson, K. M. Neuzil, H. Bennett, B. Leav, J. Albert, P. Kunwar; mRNA-1273 Study Group, Antibody Persistence through 6 Months after the Second Dose of mRNA-1273 Vaccine for Covid-19. N. Engl. J. Med. 384, 2259–2261 (2021).
8
H. M. El Sahly, L. R. Baden, B. Essink, S. Doblecki-Lewis, J. M. Martin, E. J. Anderson, T. B. Campbell, J. Clark, L. A. Jackson, C. J. Fichtenbaum, M. Zervos, B. Rankin, F. Eder, G. Feldman, C. Kennelly, L. Han-Conrad, M. Levin, K. M. Neuzil, L. Corey, P. Gilbert, H. Janes, D. Follmann, M. Marovich, L. Polakowski, J. R. Mascola, J. E. Ledgerwood, B. S. Graham, A. August, H. Clouting, W. Deng, S. Han, B. Leav, D. Manzo, R. Pajon, F. Schödel, J. E. Tomassini, H. Zhou, J. Miller; COVE Study Group, Efficacy of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine at Completion of Blinded Phase. N. Engl. J. Med. 10.1056/NEJMoa2113017 (2021).
9
J. M. Polinski et al., Effectiveness of the Single-Dose Ad26.COV2.S COVID Vaccine. medRxiv, 2021.2009.2010.21263385 (2021). doi:10.1101/2021.09.10.21263385.
10
E. S. Rosenberg, D. R. Holtgrave, V. Dorabawila, M. Conroy, D. Greene, E. Lutterloh, B. Backenson, D. Hoefer, J. Morne, U. Bauer, H. A. Zucker, New COVID-19 Cases and Hospitalizations Among Adults, by Vaccination Status - New York, May 3-July 25, 2021. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 70, 1306–1311 (2021).
11
S. Nanduri, T. Pilishvili, G. Derado, M. M. Soe, P. Dollard, H. Wu, Q. Li, S. Bagchi, H. Dubendris, R. Link-Gelles, J. A. Jernigan, D. Budnitz, J. Bell, A. Benin, N. Shang, J. R. Edwards, J. R. Verani, S. J. Schrag, Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Nursing Home Residents Before and During Widespread Circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant - National Healthcare Safety Network, March 1-August 1, 2021. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 70, 1163–1166 (2021).
12
A. Fowlkes, M. Gaglani, K. Groover, M. S. Thiese, H. Tyner, K. Ellingson; HEROES-RECOVER Cohorts, Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Frontline Workers Before and During B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant Predominance - Eight U.S. Locations, December 2020-August 2021. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 70, 1167–1169 (2021).
13
M. W. Tenforde, W. H. Self, E. A. Naioti, A. A. Ginde, D. J. Douin, S. M. Olson, H. K. Talbot, J. D. Casey, N. M. Mohr, A. Zepeski, M. Gaglani, T. McNeal, S. Ghamande, N. I. Shapiro, K. W. Gibbs, D. C. Files, D. N. Hager, A. Shehu, M. E. Prekker, H. L. Erickson, M. N. Gong, A. Mohamed, D. J. Henning, J. S. Steingrub, I. D. Peltan, S. M. Brown, E. T. Martin, A. S. Monto, A. Khan, C. L. Hough, L. W. Busse, C. C. Ten Lohuis, A. Duggal, J. G. Wilson, A. J. Gordon, N. Qadir, S. Y. Chang, C. Mallow, C. Rivas, H. M. Babcock, J. H. Kwon, M. C. Exline, N. Halasa, J. D. Chappell, A. S. Lauring, C. G. Grijalva, T. W. Rice, I. D. Jones, W. B. Stubblefield, A. Baughman, K. N. Womack, C. J. Lindsell, K. W. Hart, Y. Zhu, M. Stephenson, S. J. Schrag, M. Kobayashi, J. R. Verani, M. M. Patel, N. Calhoun, K. Murthy, J. Herrick, A. McKillop, E. Hoffman, M. Zayed, M. Smith, N. Settele, J. Ettlinger, E. Priest, J. Thomas, A. Arroliga, M. Beeram, R. Kindle, L.-A. Kozikowski, L. De Souza, S. Ouellette, S. Thornton-Thompson, P. Tyler, O. Mehkri, K. Ashok, S. Gole, A. King, B. Poynter, N. Stanley, A. Hendrickson, E. Maruggi, T. Scharber, J. Jorgensen, R. Bowers, J. King, V. Aston, B. Armbruster, R. E. Rothman, R. Nair, J.-T. T. Chen, S. Karow, E. Robart, P. N. Maldonado, M. Khan, P. So, J. Levitt, C. Perez, A. Visweswaran, J. Roque, A. Rivera, T. Frankel, M. Howell, J. Friedel, J. Goff, D. Huynh, M. Tozier, C. Driver, M. Carricato, A. Foster, P. Nassar, L. Stout, Z. Sibenaller, A. Walter, J. Mares, L. Olson, B. Clinansmith, C. Rivas, H. Gershengorn, E. J. McSpadden, R. Truscon, A. Kaniclides, L. Thomas, R. Bielak, W. D. Valvano, R. Fong, W. J. Fitzsimmons, C. Blair, A. L. Valesano, J. Gilbert, C. D. Crider, K. A. Steinbock, T. C. Paulson, L. A. Anderson, C. Kampe, J. Johnson, R. McHenry, M. Blair, D. Conway, M. LaRose, L. Landreth, M. Hicks, L. Parks, J. Bongu, D. McDonald, C. Cass, S. Seiler, D. Park, T. Hink, M. Wallace, C.-A. Burnham, O. G. Arter; IVY Network Investigators; IVY Network, Sustained Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines Against COVID-19 Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults - United States, March-July 2021. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 70, 1156–1162 (2021).
14
H. M. Scobie, A. G. Johnson, A. B. Suthar, R. Severson, N. B. Alden, S. Balter, D. Bertolino, D. Blythe, S. Brady, B. Cadwell, I. Cheng, S. Davidson, J. Delgadillo, K. Devinney, J. Duchin, M. Duwell, R. Fisher, A. Fleischauer, A. Grant, J. Griffin, M. Haddix, J. Hand, M. Hanson, E. Hawkins, R. K. Herlihy, L. Hicks, C. Holtzman, M. Hoskins, J. Hyun, R. Kaur, M. Kay, H. Kidrowski, C. Kim, K. Komatsu, K. Kugeler, M. Lewis, B. C. Lyons, S. Lyons, R. Lynfield, K. McCaffrey, C. McMullen, L. Milroy, S. Meyer, L. Nolen, M. R. Patel, S. Pogosjans, H. E. Reese, A. Saupe, J. Sell, T. Sokol, D. Sosin, E. Stanislawski, K. Stevens, H. Vest, K. White, E. Wilson, A. MacNeil, M. D. Ritchey, B. J. Silk, Monitoring Incidence of COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths, by Vaccination Status - 13 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4-July 17, 2021. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 70, 1284–1290 (2021).
15
W. H. Self, M. W. Tenforde, J. P. Rhoads, M. Gaglani, A. A. Ginde, D. J. Douin, S. M. Olson, H. K. Talbot, J. D. Casey, N. M. Mohr, A. Zepeski, T. McNeal, S. Ghamande, K. W. Gibbs, D. C. Files, D. N. Hager, A. Shehu, M. E. Prekker, H. L. Erickson, M. N. Gong, A. Mohamed, D. J. Henning, J. S. Steingrub, I. D. Peltan, S. M. Brown, E. T. Martin, A. S. Monto, A. Khan, C. L. Hough, L. W. Busse, C. C. Ten Lohuis, A. Duggal, J. G. Wilson, A. J. Gordon, N. Qadir, S. Y. Chang, C. Mallow, C. Rivas, H. M. Babcock, J. H. Kwon, M. C. Exline, N. Halasa, J. D. Chappell, A. S. Lauring, C. G. Grijalva, T. W. Rice, I. D. Jones, W. B. Stubblefield, A. Baughman, K. N. Womack, C. J. Lindsell, K. W. Hart, Y. Zhu, L. Mills, S. N. Lester, M. M. Stumpf, E. A. Naioti, M. Kobayashi, J. R. Verani, N. J. Thornburg, M. M. Patel, N. Calhoun, K. Murthy, J. Herrick, A. McKillop, E. Hoffman, M. Zayed, M. Smith, N. Seattle, J. Ettlinger, E. Priest, J. Thomas, A. Arroliga, M. Beeram, R. Kindle, L.-A. Kozikowski, L. De Souza, S. Ouellette, S. Thornton-Thompson, O. Mehkri, K. Ashok, S. Gole, A. King, B. Poynter, N. Stanley, A. Hendrickson, E. Maruggi, T. Scharber, J. Jorgensen, R. Bowers, J. King, V. Aston, B. Armbruster, R. E. Rothman, R. Nair, J.-T. T. Chen, S. Karow, E. Robart, P. N. Maldonado, M. Khan, P. So, J. Levitt, C. Perez, A. Visweswaran, J. Roque, A. Rivera, L. Angeles, T. Frankel, L. Angeles, J. Goff, D. Huynh, M. Howell, J. Friedel, M. Tozier, C. Driver, M. Carricato, A. Foster, P. Nassar, L. Stout, Z. Sibenaller, A. Walter, J. Mares, L. Olson, B. Clinansmith, C. Rivas, H. Gershengorn, E. J. McSpadden, R. Truscon, A. Kaniclides, L. Thomas, R. Bielak, W. D. Valvano, R. Fong, W. J. Fitzsimmons, C. Blair, A. L. Valesano, J. Gilbert, C. D. Crider, K. A. Steinbock, T. C. Paulson, L. A. Anderson, C. Kampe, J. Johnson, R. McHenry, M. Blair, D. Conway, M. LaRose, L. Landreth, M. Hicks, L. Parks, J. Bongu, D. McDonald, C. Cass, S. Seiler, D. Park, T. Hink, M. Wallace, C.-A. Burnham, O. G. Arter; IVY Network, Comparative Effectiveness of Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, and Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) Vaccines in Preventing COVID-19 Hospitalizations Among Adults Without Immunocompromising Conditions - United States, March-August 2021. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 70, 1337–1343 (2021).
16
Y. Goldberg et al., Waning immunity of the BNT162b2 vaccine: A nationwide study from Israel. medRxiv, (2021). doi:10.1101/2021.08.24.21262423.
17
N. Dagan, N. Barda, E. Kepten, O. Miron, S. Perchik, M. A. Katz, M. A. Hernán, M. Lipsitch, B. Reis, R. D. Balicer, BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting. N. Engl. J. Med. 384, 1412–1423 (2021).
18
“Israel expands COVID vaccine booster campaign to over 50s, health workers., Reuters, 13 August 2021.
19
Y. M. Bar-On, Y. Goldberg, M. Mandel, O. Bodenheimer, L. Freedman, N. Kalkstein, B. Mizrahi, S. Alroy-Preis, N. Ash, R. Milo, A. Huppert, Protection of BNT162b2 Vaccine Booster against Covid-19 in Israel. N. Engl. J. Med. 385, 1393–1400 (2021).
20
J. Lopez Bernal, N. Andrews, C. Gower, E. Gallagher, R. Simmons, S. Thelwall, J. Stowe, E. Tessier, N. Groves, G. Dabrera, R. Myers, C. N. J. Campbell, G. Amirthalingam, M. Edmunds, M. Zambon, K. E. Brown, S. Hopkins, M. Chand, M. Ramsay, Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant. N. Engl. J. Med. 385, 585–594 (2021).
21
K. B. Pouwels et al., Impact of Delta on viral burden and vaccine effectiveness against new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the UK. medRxiv, 2021.2008.2018.21262237 (2021). doi:10.1101/2021.08.18.21262237.
22
FDA, “FDA Authorizes Booster Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine for Certain Populations” (www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-authorizes-booster-dose-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-certain-populations).
23
FDA, “Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Takes Additional Actions on the Use of a Booster Dose for COVID-19 Vaccines” (www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-takes-additional-actions-use-booster-dose-covid-19-vaccines).
24
P. R. Krause, T. R. Fleming, R. Peto, I. M. Longini, J. P. Figueroa, J. A. C. Sterne, A. Cravioto, H. Rees, J. P. T. Higgins, I. Boutron, H. Pan, M. F. Gruber, N. Arora, F. Kazi, R. Gaspar, S. Swaminathan, M. J. Ryan, A.-M. Henao-Restrepo, Considerations in boosting COVID-19 vaccine immune responses. Lancet 398, 1377–1380 (2021).
25
CDC COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Case Investigations Team, COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reported to CDC - United States, January 1-April 30, 2021. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 70, 792–793 (2021).
26
N. Brusselaers, J. Lagergren, The Charlson Comorbidity Index in Registry-based Research. Methods Inf. Med. 56, 401–406 (2017).
27
Y. Young-Xu, C. Korves, J. Roberts, E. I. Powell, G. M. Zwain, J. Smith, H. S. Izurieta, Coverage and Estimated Effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Among US Veterans. JAMA Netw. Open 4, e2128391 (2021).
28
Y. Wang, R. Chen, F. Hu, Y. Lan, Z. Yang, C. Zhan, J. Shi, X. Deng, M. Jiang, S. Zhong, B. Liao, K. Deng, J. Tang, L. Guo, M. Jiang, Q. Fan, M. Li, J. Liu, Y. Shi, X. Deng, X. Xiao, M. Kang, Y. Li, W. Guan, Y. Li, S. Li, F. Li, N. Zhong, X. Tang, Transmission, viral kinetics and clinical characteristics of the emergent SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC in Guangzhou, China. EClinicalMedicine 40, 101129 (2021).
29
K. Bruxvoort et al., Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 against Delta, Mu, and other emerging variants. medRxiv, (2021). doi:10.1101/2021.09.29.21264199.
30
A. Puranik et al., Comparison of two highly-effective mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 during periods of Alpha and Delta variant prevalence. medRxiv, (2021). doi:10.1101/2021.08.06.21261707.
31
S. Y. Tartof, J. M. Slezak, H. Fischer, V. Hong, B. K. Ackerson, O. N. Ranasinghe, T. B. Frankland, O. A. Ogun, J. M. Zamparo, S. Gray, S. R. Valluri, K. Pan, F. J. Angulo, L. Jodar, J. M. McLaughlin, Effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine up to 6 months in a large integrated health system in the USA: A retrospective cohort study. Lancet 398, 1407–1416 (2021).
32
H. Chemaitelly, P. Tang, M. R. Hasan, S. AlMukdad, H. M. Yassine, F. M. Benslimane, H. A. Al Khatib, P. Coyle, H. H. Ayoub, Z. Al Kanaani, E. Al Kuwari, A. Jeremijenko, A. H. Kaleeckal, A. N. Latif, R. M. Shaik, H. F. Abdul Rahim, G. K. Nasrallah, M. G. Al Kuwari, H. E. Al Romaihi, A. A. Butt, M. H. Al-Thani, A. Al Khal, R. Bertollini, L. J. Abu-Raddad, Waning of BNT162b2 Vaccine Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Qatar. N. Engl. J. Med. 10.1056/NEJMoa2114114 (2021).
33
H. Chemaitelly, H. M. Yassine, F. M. Benslimane, H. A. Al Khatib, P. Tang, M. R. Hasan, J. A. Malek, P. Coyle, H. H. Ayoub, Z. Al Kanaani, E. Al Kuwari, A. Jeremijenko, A. H. Kaleeckal, A. N. Latif, R. M. Shaik, H. F. Abdul Rahim, G. K. Nasrallah, M. G. Al Kuwari, H. E. Al Romaihi, M. H. Al-Thani, A. Al Khal, A. A. Butt, R. Bertollini, L. J. Abu-Raddad, mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants and severe COVID-19 disease in Qatar. Nat. Med. 27, 1614–1621 (2021).
34
T. Tada et al., Comparison of Neutralizing Antibody Titers Elicited by mRNA and Adenoviral Vector Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Variants. bioRxiv, 2021.2007.2019.452771 (2021). doi:10.1101/2021.07.19.452771.
35
R. R. Goel, M. M. Painter, S. A. Apostolidis, D. Mathew, W. Meng, A. M. Rosenfeld, K. A. Lundgreen, A. Reynaldi, D. S. Khoury, A. Pattekar, S. Gouma, L. Kuri-Cervantes, P. Hicks, S. Dysinger, A. Hicks, H. Sharma, S. Herring, S. Korte, A. E. Baxter, D. A. Oldridge, J. R. Giles, M. E. Weirick, C. M. McAllister, M. Awofolaju, N. Tanenbaum, E. M. Drapeau, J. Dougherty, S. Long, K. D’Andrea, J. T. Hamilton, M. McLaughlin, J. C. Williams, S. Adamski, O. Kuthuru, I. Frank, M. R. Betts, L. A. Vella, A. Grifoni, D. Weiskopf, A. Sette, S. E. Hensley, M. P. Davenport, P. Bates, E. T. Luning Prak, A. R. Greenplate, E. J. Wherry, S. Adamski, Z. Alam, M. M. Addison, K. T. Byrne, A. Chandra, H. C. Descamps, N. Han, Y. Kaminskiy, S. C. Kammerman, J. Kim, A. R. Greenplate, J. T. Hamilton, N. Markosyan, J. H. Noll, D. K. Omran, A. Pattekar, E. Perkey, E. M. Prager, D. Pueschl, A. Rennels, J. B. Shah, J. S. Shilan, N. Wilhausen, A. N. Vanderbeck; UPenn COVID Processing Unit‡, mRNA vaccines induce durable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. Science 10.1126/science.abm0829 (2021).
36
K. B. Pouwels, E. Pritchard, P. C. Matthews, N. Stoesser, D. W. Eyre, K.-D. Vihta, T. House, J. Hay, J. I. Bell, J. N. Newton, J. Farrar, D. Crook, D. Cook, E. Rourke, R. Studley, T. E. A. Peto, I. Diamond, A. S. Walker, Effect of Delta variant on viral burden and vaccine effectiveness against new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the UK. Nat. Med. 10.1038/s41591-021-01548-7 (2021).
37
R. M. Anderson, C. Vegvari, T. D. Hollingsworth, L. Pi, R. Maddren, C. W. Ng, R. F. Baggaley, The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Remaining uncertainties in our understanding of the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of the virus, and challenges to be overcome. Interface Focus 11, 20210008 (2021).
38
D. W. Eyre et al., The impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on Alpha &amp; Delta variant transmission. medRxiv, 2021.2009.2028.21264260 (2021). doi:10.1101/2021.09.28.21264260.
39
M. J. M. Niesen et al., COVID-19 vaccines dampen genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2: Unvaccinated patients exhibit more antigenic mutational variance. medRxiv, 2021.2007.2001.21259833 (2021). doi:10.1101/2021.07.01.21259833.
40
C. H. Sudre, B. Murray, T. Varsavsky, M. S. Graham, R. S. Penfold, R. C. Bowyer, J. C. Pujol, K. Klaser, M. Antonelli, L. S. Canas, E. Molteni, M. Modat, M. Jorge Cardoso, A. May, S. Ganesh, R. Davies, L. H. Nguyen, D. A. Drew, C. M. Astley, A. D. Joshi, J. Merino, N. Tsereteli, T. Fall, M. F. Gomez, E. L. Duncan, C. Menni, F. M. K. Williams, P. W. Franks, A. T. Chan, J. Wolf, S. Ourselin, T. Spector, C. J. Steves, Attributes and predictors of long COVID. Nat. Med. 27, 626–631 (2021).
41
B. van den Borst, Recovery after Covid-19. Lancet Reg. Health West. Pac. 12, 100208 (2021).
42
J. L. Hirschtick, A. R. Titus, E. Slocum, L. E. Power, R. E. Hirschtick, M. R. Elliott, P. McKane, N. L. Fleischer, Population-based estimates of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) prevalence and characteristics. Clin. Infect. Dis. 10.1093/cid/ciab408 (2021).
43
R. L. Atmar et al., Heterologous SARS-CoV-2 Booster Vaccinations – Preliminary Report. medRxiv, 2021.2010.2010.21264827 (2021). doi:10.1101/2021.10.10.21264827.
44
L. SAAD., Americans Getting Out More, but Cautiously (2021). Accessed October 22, 2021. https://news.gallup.com/poll/350666/americans-getting-cautiously.aspx
45
K. L. Bajema, R. M. Dahl, M. M. Prill, E. Meites, M. C. Rodriguez-Barradas, V. C. Marconi, D. O. Beenhouwer, S. T. Brown, M. Holodniy, C. Lucero-Obusan, G. Rivera-Dominguez, R. G. Morones, A. Whitmire, E. B. Goldin, S. L. Evener, M. Tremarelli, S. Tong, A. J. Hall, S. J. Schrag, M. McMorrow, M. Kobayashi, J. R. Verani, D. Surie, G. Ahmadi-Izadi, J. Burnette, R. Deovic, L. Epstein, A. Hartley, E. Morales, T. Tanner, N. Patel, A. Tunson, K. Elliot, I. Graham, D. Lama, I. Pena, A. Perea, G. A. Perez, J. Simelane, S. Smith, G. Tallin, A. Tisi, A. A. Lopez, M. C. Gonzalez, B. Lengi, D. Mansouri, M. V. Tamez, B. Aryanfar, I. Lee-Chang, C. Jeong, A. Matolek, C. Mendoza, A. Poteshkina, S. Naeem, M. Agrawal, J. Lopez, T. Peters, G. Kudryavtseva, J. Cates, J. M. Folster, A. Kambhampati, A. Kelleher, Y. Li, H. J. Ng, Y. Tao; SUPERNOVA COVID-19; Surveillance Group; Surveillance Platform for Enteric and Respiratory Infectious Organisms at the VA (SUPERNOVA) COVID-19 Surveillance Group, Effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization - Five Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, United States, February 1-August 6, 2021. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 70, 1294–1299 (2021).
46
P. Cirillo, N. Krigbaum, Code for Methods for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Protection and Deaths among U.S. Veterans during 2021. Zenodo (2021); .

(1)eLetters

eLetters is an online forum for ongoing peer review. Submission of eLetters are open to all. eLetters are not edited, proofread, or indexed. Please read our Terms of Service before submitting your own eLetter.



Plaats een reactie ...

1 Reactie op "Effectiviteit van de vaccins loopt snel terug, blijkt uit groot Amerikaans onderzoek onder 800.000 veteranen."

  • e.valstar :
    Ja, maar met deze getallen zijn de M-RNA-gevaccineerden nog voor het grootste deel goed beschermd. Als het over de IC gaat liggen deze getallen ook weer hoger (en is het verschil in de orde van 10-20%) en dan komt nu de booster. Een natuurlijke immuniteit? Dan gaan 7 van de 100 80-plussers dood. Wie dit bepleit heeft geen hersens en geen moraal. Voor mazelen is 1 prik genoeg, maar voor polio worden er 3 gegeven. Vaccinatie werkt, maar wat het optimale protocol is weten we nog niet, maar dat is geen schande.

Gerelateerde artikelen
 

Gerelateerde artikelen

Booster vaccinaties lijken >> Maurice de Hond geeft commentaar >> Opsluiting van kwetsbare mensen >> mRNA vaccinatie tegen coronavirus >> Vitamine-C infusen met hoge >> Hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycine >> Oversterfte in Nederland en >> Oversterfte in Duitsland is >> Duitse gezondheidswerkers >> Vitamine D suppletie geeft >>