Zie ook in gerelateerde artikelen.

Zie ook dit artikel: 

https://kanker-actueel.nl/bamlanivimab-een-behandeling-met-monoklonale-antilichamen-bij-patienten-besmet-met-het-coronavirus-covid-19-krijgt-toestemming-van-fda-voor-gebruik-na-uitstekende-resultaten.html

22 november 2020: Bron: FDA

De Food and Drug Administration (FDA) heeft een emergency use authorization (EUA) gegeven aan producent Regeneron om de synthetische antilichamen casirivimab en imdevimab te mogen toe dienen als behandeling van coronapatiënten met milde tot matige coronaklachten. Het gaat om mensen die positief getest zijn, maar nog niet opgenomen zijn in het ziekenhuis, maar wel hoog risico lopen om ernstiger klachten te ontwikkelen. (zie hier persbericht over deze studie op de website van Regeneron)

In het persbericht van de FDA wordt zelfs dit benadrukt: 

"Casirivimab en imdevimab zijn niet goedgekeurd voor patiënten die in het ziekenhuis worden opgenomen vanwege Covid-19 of die vanwege het longvirus zuurstof krijgen toegediend. Bij hen is geen verbetering vastgesteld bij toediening en hun toestand zou bij toediening zelfs kunnen verslechteren als ze beademd worden of zuurstof krijgen." 

De versnelde toelating voor casirivimab en imdevimab zijn gebaseerd op een gerandomiseerde, dubbelblinde, placebo-gecontroleerde klinische studie bij 799 niet-gehospitaliseerde volwassenen met milde tot matige COVID-19 symptomen. Van deze patiënten kregen er 266 een enkelvoudige intraveneuze infusie van 2400 milligram casirivimab en imdevimab (elk 1200 mg), 267 kregen 8.000 mg casirivimab en imdevimab (elk 4.000 mg) en 266 kregen een placebo binnen drie dagen na het verkrijgen van een positieve Virale SARS-CoV-2-test.

Het eerste doel, de vermindering van de virusbelasting bij patiënten die werden behandeld met casirivimab en imdevimab, was groter dan bij patiënten die op dag zeven werden behandeld met een placebo. Het belangrijkste bewijs dat casirivimab en imdevimab samen toegediend kunnen zijn, was echter afkomstig van het vooraf gedefinieerde tweede eindpunt van medische bezoeken in verband met COVID-19, met name ziekenhuisopnames en bezoeken aan spoedeisende hulp binnen 28 dagen na de behandeling.

Bij patiënten met een hoog risico op ziekteprogressie kwamen ziekenhuisopnames en bezoeken aan de spoedeisende hulp gemiddeld voor bij 3% van de met casirivimab en imdevimab behandelde patiënten vergeleken met 9% bij de met placebo behandelde patiënten. 

Hier het officiële persbericht van de FDA:

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Authorizes Monoclonal Antibodies for Treatment of COVID-19

For Immediate Release:

Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for casirivimab and imdevimab to be administered together for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 in adults and pediatric patients (12 years of age or older weighing at least 40 kilograms [about 88 pounds]) with positive results of direct SARS-CoV-2 viral testing and who are at high risk for progressing to severe COVID-19. This includes those who are 65 years of age or older or who have certain chronic medical conditions.

In a clinical trial of patients with COVID-19, casirivimab and imdevimab, administered together, were shown to reduce COVID-19-related hospitalization or emergency room visits in patients at high risk for disease progression within 28 days after treatment when compared to placebo. The safety and effectiveness of this investigational therapy for use in the treatment of COVID-19 continues to be evaluated. 

Casirivimab and imdevimab must be administered together by intravenous (IV) infusion.

Casirivimab and imdevimab are not authorized for patients who are hospitalized due to COVID-19 or require oxygen therapy due to COVID-19. A benefit of casirivimab and imdevimab treatment has not been shown in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. Monoclonal antibodies, such as casirivimab and imdevimab, may be associated with worse clinical outcomes when administered to hospitalized patients with COVID-19 requiring high flow oxygen or mechanical ventilation.

“The FDA remains committed to advancing the nation’s public health during this unprecedented pandemic. Authorizing these monoclonal antibody therapies may help outpatients avoid hospitalization and alleviate the burden on our health care system,” said FDA Commissioner Stephen M. Hahn, M.D. “As part of our Coronavirus Treatment Acceleration Program, the FDA uses every possible pathway to make new treatments available to patients as quickly as possible while continuing to study the safety and effectiveness of these treatments.” 

Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-made proteins that mimic the immune system’s ability to fight off harmful pathogens such as viruses. Casirivimab and imdevimab are monoclonal antibodies that are specifically directed against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, designed to block the virus’ attachment and entry into human cells.

“The emergency authorization of these monoclonal antibodies administered together offers health care providers another tool in combating the pandemic,” said Patrizia Cavazzoni, M.D., acting director of the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “We will continue to facilitate the development, evaluation and availability of COVID-19 therapies.”

The issuance of an EUA is different than an FDA approval. In determining whether to issue an EUA, the FDA evaluates the totality of available scientific evidence and carefully balances any known or potential risks with any known or potential benefits of the product for use during an emergency. Based on the FDA’s review of the totality of the scientific evidence available, the agency has determined that it is reasonable to believe that casirivimab and imdevimab administered together may be effective in treating patients with mild or moderate COVID-19. When used to treat COVID-19 for the authorized population, the known and potential benefits of these antibodies outweigh the known and potential risks. There are no adequate, approved and available alternative treatments to casirivimab and imdevimab administered together for the authorized population.

The data supporting this EUA for casirivimab and imdevimab are based on a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 799 non-hospitalized adults with mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms. Of these patients, 266 received a single intravenous infusion of 2,400 milligrams casirivimab and imdevimab (1,200 mg of each), 267 received 8,000 mg casirivimab and imdevimab (4,000 mg of each), and 266 received a placebo, within three days of obtaining a positive SARS-CoV-2 viral test. 

The prespecified primary endpoint for the trial was time-weighted average change in viral load from baseline. Viral load reduction in patients treated with casirivimab and imdevimab was larger than in patients treated with placebo at day seven. However, the most important evidence that casirivimab and imdevimab administered together may be effective came from the predefined secondary endpoint of medically attended visits related to COVID-19, particularly hospitalizations and emergency room visits within 28 days after treatment. For patients at high risk for disease progression, hospitalizations and emergency room visits occurred in 3% of casirivimab and imdevimab-treated patients on average compared to 9% in placebo-treated patients. The effects on viral load, reduction in hospitalizations and ER visits were similar in patients receiving either of the two casirivimab and imdevimab doses.

Under the EUA, fact sheets that provide important information about using casirivimab and imdevimab administered together in treating COVID-19 as authorized must be made available to health care providers and to patients and caregivers. These fact sheets include dosing instructions, potential side effects and drug interactions. Possible side effects of casirivimab and imdevimab include: anaphylaxis and infusion-related reactions, fever, chills, hives, itching and flushing. 

The EUA was issued to Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc.

The FDA, an agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, protects the public health by assuring the safety, effectiveness, and security of human and veterinary drugs, vaccines and other biological products for human use, and medical devices. The agency also is responsible for the safety and security of our nation’s food supply, cosmetics, dietary supplements, products that give off electronic radiation, and for regulating tobacco products.

casirivimab en imdevimab, synthetische antilichamen, FDA, coronavirus, Covid-19, goedkeuring, effectiviteit, emergency use authorization (EUA


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